{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4406406395","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","title":"Research on automatic modulation recognition of shortwave signals in few\u2010shot scenarios based on knowledge distillation","display_name":"Research on automatic modulation recognition of shortwave signals in few\u2010shot scenarios based on knowledge distillation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4406406395","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049\/cmu2.12881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","pdf_url":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5104112736","display_name":"Qi Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University  Kunming China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University  Kunming China","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5081970753","display_name":"Jingjing Yang","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University  Kunming China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University  Kunming China","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5004290542","display_name":"Ming Huang","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9517-2125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University  Kunming China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University  Kunming China","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5004290542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I189210763"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00304853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.9509000182151794,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7814691066741943},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/shortwave","display_name":"Shortwave","score":0.6827051043510437},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6699042916297913},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5778199434280396},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5567533373832703},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5475543141365051},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44587987661361694},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44450801610946655},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4329507648944855},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3974413573741913},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06823810935020447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C41008148","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7814691066741943},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C2776272892","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.6827051043510437},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C123079801","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6699042916297913},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C81363708","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5778199434280396},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C154945302","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5567533373832703},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C50644808","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5475543141365051},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C99498987","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44587987661361694},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C153180895","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44450801610946655},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C108583219","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4329507648944855},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C119857082","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3974413573741913},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C115961682","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06823810935020447},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C74902906","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C107038049","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C62520636","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C121332964","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C138885662","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049\/cmu2.12881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","pdf_url":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049\/cmu2.12881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","pdf_url":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1049\/cmu2.12881","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/G1248287484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361055","funder_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/G4725628198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261059","funder_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/G8809255603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61963037","funder_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https:\/\/content.openalex.org\/works\/W4406406395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https:\/\/content.openalex.org\/works\/W4406406395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1975463879","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2614873718","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2740520864","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2963172626","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2964338223","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2982083293","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3034368386","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3099225546","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3112647738","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3138154797","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3206585035","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4220731687","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4242175757","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4280615708","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4303578856","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4362697518","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4382987973","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4385975859","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4386894835","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4388145631","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4388269918","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4388818700","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4390489645","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4395447437","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4396877907"],"related_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2349538307","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2382483190","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4292630545","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2378696196","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2350182181","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2369674097","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4226493464","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3133861977","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2951211570","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Automatic":[1],"modulation":[2,18,49,108,189,197],"recognition":[3,19,198],"plays":[4],"an":[5,119],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,184],"wireless":[9],"communication":[10],"and":[11,26,37,63,70,141,165,168,177,195],"radio":[12],"regulation.":[13],"Existing":[14],"deep":[15,133],"learning\u2010based":[16],"automatic":[17],"techniques":[20],"perform":[21],"well":[22],"with":[23,65],"large":[24],"datasets":[25],"high":[27],"computational":[28],"power":[29],"but":[30],"require":[31],"significant":[32],"resources":[33],"for":[34,47,90,187],"labelled":[35],"data":[36],"complex":[38],"pre\u2010processing.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"proposes":[42],"a":[43,66],"multi\u2010information":[44],"fusion":[45],"method":[46],"few\u2010shot":[48,181],"recognition,":[50],"which":[51],"involves":[52],"converting":[53],"I":[54],"\/":[55,60],"Q":[56],"signals":[57,62,190],"into":[58],"A":[59],"P":[61],"training":[64,113],"combination":[67],"of":[68,105,123,157],"VGG":[69],"LSTM":[71],"network":[72,85,93,144],"models.":[73,135],"An":[74],"ensemble":[75],"knowledge":[76],"distillation":[77],"(EKD)":[78],"approach":[79],"is":[80],"employed":[81],"to":[82,150,192],"streamline":[83],"the":[84,88,106,112,115,130,151,154,158,169],"model,":[86],"meeting":[87],"demands":[89],"deploying":[91],"neural":[92,143],"models":[94,160],"on":[95,199],"compact":[96,200],"devices.":[97,201],"Experimental":[98],"results":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101],"using":[102],"only":[103,173],"1%":[104],"shortwave":[107,188],"signal":[109],"dataset":[110],"as":[111],"set,":[114],"proposed":[116],"model":[117],"achieves":[118],"average":[120,170],"classification":[121],"accuracy":[122,172],"71.08%":[124],"under":[125],"all":[126],"signal\u2010to\u2010noise":[127],"ratios,":[128],"surpassing":[129],"currently":[131],"popular":[132],"learning":[134],"Moreover,":[136],"two":[137],"small\u2010scale":[138],"networks,":[139],"MobileNetV3":[140],"convolutional":[142],"are":[145,161],"trained,":[146],"through":[147],"EKD.":[148],"Compared":[149],"teacher":[152],"network,":[153],"floating\u2010point":[155],"operations":[156],"distilled":[159],"reduced":[162],"by":[163,175],"99.8%":[164],"99.7%,":[166],"respectively,":[167],"prediction":[171],"decreases":[174],"16.05%":[176],"8.09%.":[178],"The":[179],"lightweight,":[180],"networks":[182],"designed":[183],"this":[185],"study":[186],"aim":[191],"achieve":[193],"fast":[194],"accurate":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}