{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:58:27Z","timestamp":1760234307882,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["BIA2017-86811-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIA2017-86811-C2-1-R"]}]},{"name":"Secretaria d\u2019 Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["2017 SGR 1481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 1481"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inverse problem of structural system identification is prone to ill-conditioning issues; thus, uniqueness and stability cannot be guaranteed. This issue tends to amplify the error propagation of both the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, where aleatory uncertainty is related to the accuracy and the quality of sensors. The analysis of uncertainty quantification (UQ) is necessary to assess the effect of uncertainties on the estimated parameters. A literature review is conducted in this paper to check the state of existing approaches for efficient UQ in the parameter identification field. It is identified that the proposed dynamic constrained observability method (COM) can make up for some of the shortcomings of existing methods. After that, the COM is used to analyze a real bridge. The result is compared with the existing method, demonstrating its applicability and correct performance by a reinforced concrete beam. In addition, during the bridge system identification by COM, it is found that the best measurement set in terms of the range will depend on whether the epistemic uncertainty involved or not. It is concluded that, because the epistemic uncertainty will be removed as the knowledge of the structure increases, the optimum sensor placement should be achieved considering not only the accuracy of sensors, but also the unknown structural part.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21092918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T21:25:10Z","timestamp":1619040310000},"page":"2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of Sensors in Error Propagation with the Dynamic Constrained Observability Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4592-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5405-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Nogal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4473-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan R.","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5001-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Turmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8667.2011.00726.x","article-title":"Multi-objective Optimization of Sensor and Excitation Layouts for Frequency Response Function-Based Structural Damage Identification","volume":"27","author":"Raich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput.-Aided Civ. 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