{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:40:19Z","timestamp":1760240419286,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31871527","31501231","31500588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871527","31501231","31500588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese-German Center for Scientific Promotion","award":["GZ1272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ1272"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil matric potential is an important parameter for agricultural and environmental research and applications. In this study, we developed a novel sensor to determine fast and in-situ the soil matric potential. The probe of the soil matric potential sensor comprises a perforated coaxial stainless steel cylinder filled with a porous material (gypsum). With a pre-determined gypsum water retention curve, the probe can determine the gypsum matric potential through measuring its water content. The matric potential of soil surrounding the probe is inferred by the reading of the sensor after the soil reaches a hydraulic equilibrium with the gypsum. The sensor was calibrated by determining the gypsum water retention curve using a pressure plate method and tested in three soil samples with different textures. The results showed that the novel sensor can determine the water retention curves of the three soil samples from saturated to dry when combined with a soil water content sensor. The novel sensor can respond fast to the changes of the soil matric potential due to its small volume. Future research could explore the application for agriculture field crop irrigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T03:16:51Z","timestamp":1560136611000},"page":"2626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Novel Frequency Domain Impedance Sensor with a Perforated Cylinder Coaxial Design for In-Situ Measuring Soil Matric Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.12.018","article-title":"A new two-stage approach to predicting the soil water characteristic from saturation to oven-dryness","volume":"521","author":"Dan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.12.002","article-title":"Spatial prediction of soil water retention in a Paramo landscape: Methodological insight into machine learning using random forest","volume":"316","author":"Crespo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"25","article-title":"Evaluation of parametric transfer functions for estimating water retention curve in Fars province","volume":"15","author":"Fooladmand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Agric. Nat. Resour. Soil Water Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:9(733)","article-title":"Impact of soil type and compaction conditions on soil water characteristic","volume":"128","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geotechnol. Geoenviron."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2008.0082","article-title":"Errors in water retention curves determined with pressure plates","volume":"73","author":"Bittelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2006.0182","article-title":"The Adequacy of pressure plate apparatus for determining soil water retention","volume":"72","author":"Cresswell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782010005000110","article-title":"Soil texture and the estimation by dewpoint potential meter of water retention at wilting point","volume":"40","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. Rural."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10706-008-9197-0","article-title":"Indirect measurement of suction","volume":"26","author":"Bulut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geotech. Geol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.06.021","article-title":"A review of the methods available for estimating soil moisture and its implications for water resource management","volume":"458","author":"Dobriyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10706-008-9205-4","article-title":"Field measurement of suction, water content, and water permeability","volume":"26","author":"Tarantino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geotech. Geol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Dane, J.H., and Topp, G.C. (2002). Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4\u2014Physical Methods, Soil Science Society of America."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00007875","article-title":"Calibration of watermark soil moisture sensors for soil matric potential and temperature","volume":"143","author":"Spaans","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.03.006","article-title":"Evaluation of MPS-1 soil water potential sensor","volume":"402","author":"Malazian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1029\/1999WR900226","article-title":"A new soil matric potential sensor based on time domain reflectometry","volume":"35","author":"Or","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2006.00790.x","article-title":"A porous-matrix sensor to measure the matric potential of soil water in the field","volume":"58","author":"Whalley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.04.020","article-title":"Monitoring near-surface soil water content using an innovative perforated cylinder coaxial dielectric sensor","volume":"573","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Irrometer (2010). Watermark Soil Moisture Sensor-Model 200SS, Irrometer Company, Inc.. Available online: http:\/\/www.irrometer.com."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.1996.0017","article-title":"Measurement of soil water content using a simplified impedance measuring technique","volume":"63","author":"Gaskin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Agric. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"805","article-title":"An improved frequency domain technique for determining soil water content","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"PEDOSPHERE"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(87)90194-6","article-title":"Soil moisture measurement by an improved capacitance technique, part I. sensor design and performance","volume":"93","author":"Dean","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.01.067","article-title":"Horizontal monitoring of soil water content using a novel automated and mobile electromagnetic access-tube sensor","volume":"516","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1029\/1998WR900006","article-title":"Temperature effects on soil bulk dielectric permittivity measured by time domain reflectometry: Experimental evidence and hypothesis development","volume":"35","author":"Wraith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2008.0128","article-title":"Empirical temperature calibration of capacitance probes to measure soil water","volume":"73","author":"Saito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1974.9388","article-title":"High dielectric constant microwave probes for sensing soil moisture","volume":"62","author":"Birchak","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Weast, R.C. (1986). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press. [67th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2267","article-title":"Calibration of time domain reflectometry for water content measurement using a composite dielectric approach","volume":"26","author":"Roth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.25444","article-title":"Calibration of the watermark model 200 soil moisture sensor","volume":"12","author":"Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2012.10.002","article-title":"Calibrating soil water potential sensors integrated into a wireless monitoring network","volume":"116","author":"Nolz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-197406000-00001","article-title":"A simple method for determining unsaturated conductivity from moisture retention data","volume":"117","author":"Campbell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, X.F., Zhao, Y.J., Cheng, Q., Zheng, X.L., and Zhao, Y.D. (2018). Determining forest duff water content using a low-cost standing wave ratio sensor. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020647"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x","article-title":"A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils","volume":"44","author":"Genuchten","year":"1980","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/11\/2626\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:57:12Z","timestamp":1760187432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/11\/2626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s19112626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19112626","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]}}}