{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T02:35:53Z","timestamp":1772937353224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"ISS","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pervasive and interactive displays promise to present our digital content seamlessly throughout our environment. However, traditional display technologies do not scale to room-wide applications due to high per-unit-area costs and the need for constant wired power and data infrastructure. This research proposes the use of photochromic paint as a display medium. Applying the paint to any surface or object creates ultra-low-cost displays, which can change color when exposed to specific wavelengths of light. We develop new paint formulations that enable wide area application of photochromic material. Along with a specially modified wide-area laser projector and depth camera that can draw custom images and create on-demand, room-wide user interfaces on photochromic enabled surfaces. System parameters such as light intensity, material activation time, and user readability are examined to optimize the display. Results show that images and user interfaces can last up to 16 minutes and can be updated indefinitely. Finally, usage scenarios such as displaying static and dynamic images, ephemeral notifications, and the creation of on-demand interfaces, such as light switches and music controllers, are demonstrated and explored. Ultimately, the UbiChromics system demonstrates the possibility of extending digital content to all painted surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3567714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T21:31:51Z","timestamp":1668461511000},"page":"118-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["UbiChromics: Enabling Ubiquitously Deployable Interactive Displays with Photochromic Paint"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6729-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani","family":"Alkayyali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5269-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasha","family":"Iravantchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaylin","family":"Herskovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8046-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alanson P.","family":"Sample","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3214263"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"BlazePose: On-device Real-time Body Pose tracking. CoRR, abs\/2006.10204","author":"Bazarevsky Valentin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valentin Bazarevsky , Ivan Grishchenko , Karthik Raveendran , Tyler Zhu , Fan Zhang , and Matthias Grundmann . 2020. BlazePose: On-device Real-time Body Pose tracking. CoRR, abs\/2006.10204 ( 2020 ), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2006.10204 arXiv:2006.10204. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2006.10204 Valentin Bazarevsky, Ivan Grishchenko, Karthik Raveendran, Tyler Zhu, Fan Zhang, and Matthias Grundmann. 2020. BlazePose: On-device Real-time Body Pose tracking. CoRR, abs\/2006.10204 (2020), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2006.10204 arXiv:2006.10204."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207704"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1226969.1226971"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/286498.286750"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1622176.1622187"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-00290-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Website. Retrieved","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hackaday. 2018 . Drawing Lines In The Sand: Taking Beach Graffiti To The Next Level . Website. Retrieved November 15, 2019 from https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2018\/07\/03\/drawing-lines-in-the-sand-taking-beach-graffiti-to-the-next-level\/ Hackaday. 2018. Drawing Lines In The Sand: Taking Beach Graffiti To The Next Level. Website. Retrieved November 15, 2019 from https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2018\/07\/03\/drawing-lines-in-the-sand-taking-beach-graffiti-to-the-next-level\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1095034.1095054"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1836845.1836873"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2048259.2048270"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1935701.1935808"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2396636.2396660"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/320719.322595"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258715"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347905"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2642918.2647383"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534688.2534690"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2890270"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866218.1866233"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35947-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2742781"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/URAI.2013.6677483"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/263407.263549"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892278"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601118"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357255"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2602140"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","unstructured":"Pallets Projects. 2021. Flask. https:\/\/palletsprojects.com\/p\/flask\/ \t\t\t\t  Pallets Projects. 2021. Flask. https:\/\/palletsprojects.com\/p\/flask\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173787"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1187297.1187306"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303113"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3191763"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1836821.1836843"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2343456.2343474"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03161-3_67"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Method, composition for the preparation and cleaning of photochromic dyes resulting in a product suitable for use on human skin","volume":"9","author":"Sanders Clifton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clifton Sanders and Courtland Imel . 2017 . Method, composition for the preparation and cleaning of photochromic dyes resulting in a product suitable for use on human skin . US Patent 9 ,611, 389 Clifton Sanders and Courtland Imel. 2017. Method, composition for the preparation and cleaning of photochromic dyes resulting in a product suitable for use on human skin. US Patent 9,611,389","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1133265.1133343"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9800816"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2071423.2071521"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1029632.1029656"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466458"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/159544.159617"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/329124.329126"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Designing calm technology","volume":"1","author":"Weiser Mark","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mark Weiser and John Seely Brown . 1996 . Designing calm technology . PowerGrid Journal , 1 , 1 (1996), 75 \u2013 85 . Mark Weiser and John Seely Brown. 1996. Designing calm technology. PowerGrid Journal, 1, 1 (1996), 75\u201385.","journal-title":"PowerGrid Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445391"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ed076p1201"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598608"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380116.2380169"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027933.1027946"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1095034.1095047"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466113"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2992154.2992173"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2071423.2071503"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Photochromic toy","volume":"9","author":"Yasuda Michiyuki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michiyuki Yasuda , Yutaka Shibahashi , and Yoshie Kamiya . 2018 . Photochromic toy . US Patent 9 ,937, 434 Michiyuki Yasuda, Yutaka Shibahashi, and Yoshie Kamiya. 2018. Photochromic toy. US Patent 9,937,434","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","unstructured":"Evan You. 2021. Vue.js. https:\/\/vuejs.org\/ \t\t\t\t  Evan You. 2021. Vue.js. https:\/\/vuejs.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858224"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025842"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173847"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3567714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3567714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:51:12Z","timestamp":1750182672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3567714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"ISS","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3567714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3567714","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}