{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:11:36Z","timestamp":1774264296495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IET Signal Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the performance of the likelihood\u2010based digital modulation classification is explored with the blind estimation of the unknown parameters. Considering the practical implementation aspects, the quasi hybrid likelihood ratio test (QHLRT) is examined with the symbol rate, the signal gain, the noise power and the phase offset as the unknown parameters. In a blind scenario, new algorithms are proposed for the estimation of the unknown parameters with special focus on the improvement of classification performance at a low signal to noise ratio scenario. The performance bounds of the proposed estimators are established by the Cramer\u2013Rao lower bound. The proposed method is compared with several existing algorithms to analyse the improvements achieved in the slow fading scenario. With the estimates of the unknown parameters, the performance of the QHLRT classifier is presented with reference to the theoretical upper bound. Finally, the QHLRT based method with the proposed parameter estimators is compared with the existing LB as well as certain feature based algorithms to highlight the improvements achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T07:16:03Z","timestamp":1460704563000},"page":"758-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Parameter estimation for blind classification of digital modulations"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gaurav Jyoti","family":"Phukan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabin Kumar","family":"Bora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.823550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panagiotou P. Anastasopoulos A. Polydoros A.: \u2018Likelihood ratio tests for modulation classification\u2019.Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. Los Angeles CA October2000 vol.2 pp.670\u2013674","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2000.904013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","unstructured":"Sills J.: \u2018Maximum\u2010Likelihood modulation classification for PSK\/QAM\u2019.Proc. IEEE Communication Conf. 1999 vol.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00114-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.380199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2320724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2010.102910.100022"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"5884","article-title":"On the likelihood\u2010based approach to modulation classification","volume":"8","author":"Hameed F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.907888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","unstructured":"Wymeersch H. Moeneclaey M.: \u2018Blind symbol rate detection for low\u2010complexity multi\u2010rate receivers\u2019.Vehicular Technology Conf. VTC\u20102005 pp.1437\u20131440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.3769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2002.1013133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazet L. Loubaton P.: \u2018Cyclic correlation based symbol rate estimation\u2019.Proc. 33rd Asilomar Conf. on Signals Systems and Computers 1999 vol.2 pp.1009\u20131012","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.1999.831861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanxue Y. Keren W.: \u2018A new method to symbol rate estimation of MPSK signals\u2019.Proc. Congress on Image and Signal Processing 2008 vol.5 pp.394\u2013398","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2008.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abidi A. Dobre O.A. Choudhury R.: \u2018Modulation classification in fading channels using antenna arrays\u2019.IEEE MILCOM 2004 pp.211\u2013228","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2004.1493271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.310611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.871393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phukan G.J. Bora P.K.: \u2018An algorithm for blind symbol rate estimation using second order cyclostationarity\u2019.Proc. SPCOM IISc Bangalore July2014","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCOM.2014.6983923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","volume-title":"Cyclostationarity in communication and signal processing","author":"Gardner W.A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","unstructured":"Phukan G.J. Bora P.K. Rajesh A.et al: \u2018Amplitude normalization in blind modulation classification\u2019.Proc. National Conf. on Communication IIT Kharagpur February2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.837045"}],"container-title":["IET Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:19:35Z","timestamp":1761693575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-9675"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-9675","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}