{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T14:40:32Z","timestamp":1741185632868,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Imaging Syst Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose a hierarchical stimulus presentation paradigm for a P300\u2010based Hangul (Korean script) input system. A P300\u2010based input system (or speller) is one of the most promising noninvasive brain\u2010computer interface (BCI) applications based on its direct applicability in many computer programs. Although the previous row\/column stimulus presentation paradigm has been well\u2010suited to the English input, it may not be optimal for a Hangul input because Hangul has a distinct hierarchical structure. To overcome the limitation of the previous paradigms, we developed a new P300\u2010based Hangul input system by taking the unique hierarchical structure of Hangul into account for creating a hierarchical stimulus presentation paradigm. By using the hierarchical structure, we can effectively reduce the window size of the interface without loss of classification accuracy. A performance comparison shows that the hierarchical paradigm exhibits higher classification accuracy than the row\/column paradigm even with a smaller window size. Thus, the proposed hierarchical paradigm is more efficient to spell Hangul and will be more useful for BCI\u2010based Hangul input for a text messenger, e\u2010mail program, word processor and other similar applications. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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