Papers by Russell F Reinke
Changes in climatic conditions are expected to directly affect agricultural production systems in... more Changes in climatic conditions are expected to directly affect agricultural production systems including rice farming. However, maintaining and increasing productivity in the face of climate change will require improved understanding of the effects of climatic factors on rice physiological traits. Increasing temperatures will lead to changes in atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). VPD can affect rice growth by affecting the water status of the plants, the thermal conditions of leaves or the canopy thereby regulating plant functions. This experiment aimed to determine the effects of VPD on growth and physiological responses of a range of rice genotypes in order to better understand these effects and their implications for adaptation to climate change.
This file contains the phenotypic data (lesion length after inoculation) of the F2 populations us... more This file contains the phenotypic data (lesion length after inoculation) of the F2 populations used for Composite Interval Mapping analysi
These are the genotypic data for the F2 mapping populatio
For each or the Japonica MAGIC lines in the core set of 120 lines, these are the reactions to BB ... more For each or the Japonica MAGIC lines in the core set of 120 lines, these are the reactions to BB inoculatio
This file contains the genotypic data used for the GAPIT genome wide association analysis
Rice is one of the most important crops that provide food for most of the poor in the world. Rice... more Rice is one of the most important crops that provide food for most of the poor in the world. Rice production is highly vulnerable to increase in growing temperature and one strategy to cope is to use adapted genotypes. This study aims to determine rice physiological and growth responses to temperature at similar vapour pressure deficit to understand mechanisms to select for genotypes or traits adapted to high temperature. Two experiments in the Climatron of NIAES, Tsukuba, Japan: 35°C/22°C day/night temperature and 70% RH as high temperature compared with 32°C/22°C and 68% RH as control, and 32°C/22°C and 70% RH as control compared with 28°C/22°C and 69% RH as low temperature. The experiments used Akihikari, IR64, N22 and Takanari. Maximum photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration significantly increased while intercellular CO 2 concentration remained similar in N22 after 30 days of high temperature treatment. This translated to higher biomass in N22 during the ear...
Materials from the result of first years of yield trial under submergence and medium stagnant wat... more Materials from the result of first years of yield trial under submergence and medium stagnant water stresses were selected for conducting our experiment. The preliminary results of 20 rice accessions were reported in MYT in Winter-Spring seasons (2011-2012) under submergence and medium stagnant water stresses. Subsequently, on-farm participatory varieties selection (PVS) trials were conducted at five different sites in An Giang, Hau Giang and Can Tho using promising lines from MYT. Mostly the genotypes were short growth duration of 90105 days. At maturity, farmers at each location as well as researchers voted the best breeding lines. Discussions were emphasized on high yielding, BPH, blast resistance, good grain quality and water stress tolerance. Moreover, more crosses were continued to develop using rice landraces as important breeding materials to have new rice genotypes with good grain quality properties and high yield. They must adapt to submergence condition in Mekong Delta.
The development of high yielding rice varieties tolerant to submergence (flash flood) has been co... more The development of high yielding rice varieties tolerant to submergence (flash flood) has been conducted in collaboration with IRRI and ACIAR. Flash flood is considered as major constraints in the rainfed lowland ecosystem of the Mekong Delta in wet season. Our goals focus on the advantages of molecular biology and genetics to develop rice varieties that have higher and more stable yield in saline and acid-sulphate areas as well as in areas affected by submergence. Base on the molecular biology research, it will assist in identifying genes that tolerate to different abiotic stresses. Furthermore, the basic information on the genetics of additional mechanisms and QTLs can help us combine them through conventional and marker-assisted breeding in high-yielding cultivars to achieve higher levels of tolerance. The integration of conventional and modern methods should be paid attentions, including the application of recent scientific achievements in order to improve the scientific basis f...
The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) can affect rice growth by affecting water status of the plants a... more The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) can affect rice growth by affecting water status of the plants and/or thermal conditions of leaves or the canopy. Rice responses to increasing temperatures may also be altered by changes in VPD. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to determine the interactive effects of temperature and VPD on rice growth, but we need to examine genotypic variation in growth responses to VPD to better understand the interaction and it implication for adaptation to climate change. This study aims to determine the genotypic variability in responses to VPD using four varieties that showed different temperature responses in our previous study. We used two naturally-sunlit growth chambers (Climatron) of NIAES, Tsukuba, Japan, setting day/night temperature at 32/22DC for both chambers but different relative humidity (RH) levels; one at 80% (Low VPD9l.74 KPa) and the other at 50% (High VPIY=1.84 KPa). Seedlings of Akihikari, IR64, N22 and Takanari were grown ...
Plant Breeding, 2019
Direct seeding is increasingly being practiced in rice cultivation areas because it saves labour ... more Direct seeding is increasingly being practiced in rice cultivation areas because it saves labour and reduces cost of production and management. In this study, four japonica‐type breeding lines were developed from a cross of a japonica cultivar and an AG‐tolerant donor, KHO, using marker‐assisted selection. Validation of the target genes AG1 and AG2 in the selected lines was examined by PCR analysis and the background recovery rate by the recurrent parent was confirmed by genotyping using a 6K SNP chip. Compared to the recurrent, the survival rates of the selected lines were improved in a range from 33% to 115% in three conditions; in particular, the survival rate was increased in more than twice that of the recurrent parent under the hypoxic condition. The main agronomic trait, yield and quality‐related traits were similar to those of the recurrent parent. The use of these lines will contribute to the expansion of the cultivation area due to the proven economic benefits of direct se...
Plant Production Science, 2013
Genetic variation in the growth response to temperature is a basis for developing adaptation meas... more Genetic variation in the growth response to temperature is a basis for developing adaptation measures to global warming, but evaluation of cultivars for the temperature responses may depend on other environmental factors such as light. In this study, we tested the growth responses of 18 diverse rice cultivars to constant day/night temperature of 25, 28, 31 and 34ºC in artificially-lit growth chambers (ALC) in Wagga Wagga (7.8 MJ m-2 d-1), and in naturally-lit chambers (NLC) in Yanco (25 and 28ºC and 13.4 MJ m-2 d-1 ; 31 and 34ºC and 11.5 MJ m-2 d-1), both in NSW, Australia. There was a significant interaction between temperature and chamber type for total shoot and panicle biomass; total shoot biomass was largest at 31ºC in ALC, and at 25 and 28ºC in NLC. From the average of all temperatures, the total shoot biomass declined by 29.5% in plants grown in ALC compared with those grown in NLC. Importantly, cultivar performance in ALC was similar to that in NLC at these temperatures, as evidenced by the highly significant correlation in total shoot biomass between ALC and NLC. Among 18 cultivars, IR64, IR72, N22, Vandana, Takanari and Koshihikari commonly produced a larger total shoot biomass under higher temperature conditions. Leaf area at earlier measurement date was highly correlated with the final total shoot biomass at the higher temperature more than specific leaf area.
Reducing the growth duration of rice in New South Wales, Australia offers potential for increasin... more Reducing the growth duration of rice in New South Wales, Australia offers potential for increasing the efficiency of rice production. Shorter duration increases management options for farmers, and leads to less water use but at a risk of reduced yield. The challenge for plant breeding is in maintaining yield while simultaneously reducing duration. Variation in crop duration is largely related to variation in the length of the vegetative phase, therefore breeding to increase the rate of biomass accumulation during the shortened vegetative phase so that biomass at anthesis is comparable to that of longer duration types, should result in similar yield potential of the short-duration types. Thirty-three diverse rice cultivars were evaluated in the field for variation in biomass production during the vegetative stage. Significant variation for biomass accuniulation was noted, and a strong and positive relationship between biomass of individual seedlings at the 34 leaf stage (seedling vig...
The Third International Tropical Agriculture Conference (TROPAG 2019), 2020
The occurrence of low night temperatures during reproductive development is one of the factors mo... more The occurrence of low night temperatures during reproductive development is one of the factors most limiting rice yields in southern Australia. Yield losses due to cold temperature are the result of incomplete pollen formation and subsequent floret sterility. Researchers have found that in 75% of years, rice farmers suffer losses between 0.5 and 2.5 t/ha. Research is being undertaken to identify overseas rice varieties, that are cold tolerant under the local weather conditions and by using those genotypes as parent material, develop cold tolerance varieties of rice. A yield simulation model was used to measure reduction in losses due to cold at different minimum threshold temperatures, while the SAMBOY Rice model was used to measure the costs and returns of a breeding program for cold tolerance. The results of the economic analysis reveal that new cold tolerant varieties would lead to significant increase in financial benefits through reduction in losses due to cold, and an increase...
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021
Vitamin A deficiency remains a common public health problem among the rice-dependent poor people ... more Vitamin A deficiency remains a common public health problem among the rice-dependent poor people in the developing countries of Asia. Conventional milled rice does not contain provitamin A (β-carotene) in is edible part (endosperm) and is also deficient in essential minerals, such as iron and zinc. Transgenic Golden Rice event GR2E, which produces β-carotene in its endosperm, was used as a parent to introgress the transgene locus conferring β-carotene biosynthesis into a widely grown rice variety, BRRI dhan29, which covers around 26.1% of the irrigated rice area (4.901 Mha) of Bangladesh in the dry season. The current study reports the introgression process and field performance of GR2E BRRI dhan29 Golden Rice. The background recovery of GR2E BRRI dhan29 lines at BC5F2 generation was more than 98% with a 6K SNP-chip set. The transgenic GR2E BRRI dhan29 yielded 6.2 t/ha to 7.7 t/ha with an average of 7.0 ± 0.38 t/ha, while the non-transgenic BRRI dhan29 yielded 7.0 t/ha under confine...
PLOS ONE, 2019
Bacterial blight (BB) caused by the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathogen is a significant... more Bacterial blight (BB) caused by the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathogen is a significant disease in most rice cultivation areas. The disease is estimated to cause annual rice production losses of 20-30 percent throughout rice-growing countries in Asia. The discovery and deployment of durable resistance genes for BB is an effective and sustainable means of mitigating production losses. In this study QTL analysis and fine mapping were performed using an F 2 and a BC 2 F 2 population derived from a cross with a new R-donor having broad spectrum resistance to Korean BB races. The QTL qBB11 was identified by composite interval mapping and explained 31.25% of the phenotypic variation (R 2) with LOD values of 43.44 harboring two SNP markers. The single major R-gene was designated Xa43 (t). Through dissection of the target region we were able to narrow the region to within 27.83-27.95 Mbp, a physical interval of about 119-kb designated by the two flanking markers IBb27os11_14 and S_BB11.ssr_9. Of nine ORFs in the target region two ORFs revealed significantly different expression levels of the candidate genes. From these results we developed a marker specific to this R-gene, which will have utility for future BB resistance breeding and/or R-gene pyramiding using marker assisted selection. Further characterization of the R-gene would be helpful to enhance understanding of mechanisms of BB resistance in rice.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1994
An economic assessment is made of the rice-breeding program at Yanco, New South Wales. The achiev... more An economic assessment is made of the rice-breeding program at Yanco, New South Wales. The achievements of the breeding program over the past 30 years are identified and quantified. The economic assessment considers current investment in the breeding program and analyses the likelihood of the program achieving sufficient gains through breeding to justify that investment on economic grounds. We estimate the rate of improvement in yield and quality that would give the required increase in the industry's value of production. Based on the contribution of new varieties to past gains, the future gains needed through breeding to accomplish satisfactory economic returns are achievable. However, the analysis highlights the need for focused breeding efforts to maximise the returns from the breeding program.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Scientific Reports
The development of micronutrient dense rice varieties with good agronomic traits is one of the su... more The development of micronutrient dense rice varieties with good agronomic traits is one of the sustainable and cost-effective approaches for reducing malnutrition. Identification of QTLs for high grain Fe and Zn, yield and yield components helps in precise and faster development of high Fe and Zn rice. We carried out a three-season evaluation using IR05F102 x IR69428 derived doubledhaploid population at IRRI. Inclusive composite interval mapping was carried out using SNP markers and Best Linear Unbiased Estimates of the phenotypic traits. A total of 23 QTLs were identified for eight agronomic traits and grain Fe and Zn concentration that explained 7.2 to 22.0% PV. A QTL by environment interaction analysis confirmed the stability of nine QTLs, including two QTLs for Zn on chromosomes 5 and 12. One epistatic interaction for plant height was significant with 28.4% PVE. Moreover, five QTLs were identified for Fe and Zn that harbor several candidate genes, e.g. OsZIP6 on QTL qZn 5.1 . A number of QTLs were associated with a combination of greater yield and increased grain Zn levels. These results are useful for development of new rice varieties with good agronomic traits and high grain Zn using MAS, and identification of genetic resources with the novel QTLs for grain Zn.
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Papers by Russell F Reinke