Since its existence, human beings have found and used communication methods across all
periods an... more Since its existence, human beings have found and used communication methods across all periods and regions. From the point of view of history and historians, the phenomenon of letters has become one of the agents or causes that has played the role of the key and lock of human loves, beliefs, wars, and peace. Especially for the sultans, emirs and presidents who were in the representative office, the letters were of such importance that they determined the existence and non-existence. To give an example, the situation that brought Sultan Yıldırım Bayezid and Amir Timur face-to-face in the Ankara Lowland has a meaning found in the letters. In the present article, we try to decipher the story of the correspondence between two powerful rulers of the time. This letter consists of the response letter of the sultan of Anatolian Seljuk, ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad (d. 635/1237), to the letter(s) written by the king of Ayyubid Malik Ashraf (d. 634/1236-7). The reason for the study is that this manuscript, which was found in the magazine registered with the imprint of Çorum Hasan Pasha Manuscript Library in 1071, has not been published anywhere before and has not been the subject of an academic study. Despite the many letters of ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad that have been identified, this letter, which is the subject of the study, is a manuscript that has not been found in any work. Although the date is not declared, considering the relationship between the two rulers, it is highly likely that it dates back to 1226. It is thought that by analyzing the letter, it will shed light on the relationship between these two powerful historical figures, who are also relatives, and the Anatolian Seljuk State and the Ayyubids. Examining the short but meaningful Arabic written letter also contributed to our making some determinations about Sultan ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad, whom the Turkmens and Ibn Bibi called ‘ulugh/ greatness ‘. There are numerous ways to gain access to these types of letters and similar documents. Among these very fundamental sources are Monsheat magazines, where such important letters have been published, from which we learn or make sense of the course of history. It should also be added that the letters between the sultans could either be deliberately lost due to security reasons of the time or they could disappear for different reasons. In the hope that it will give different meanings to those concerned, the original text of the Arabic manuscript, which is the subject of our article, has been reviewed, reconstructed, and transferred to the text. This text has been translated, and the critical edition and analysis of the text have been made within its historical framework.
Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire ... more Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire in every way, and various measures were taken in various fields according to the conjuncture of the period. The reason for choosing the last period in this study is that more epidemic detections have been made and the records of this period are high. After the 1800s, different epidemics with certain processes and results were experienced in the Ottoman Empire for certain reasons. Some of them affected the state at the micro level and some at the macro level. Undoubtedly, the most affected part of the epidemics were children, especially children of education age, who both accelerated the process of being affected by the disease and became the fastest intervention group. The Ottomans took separate measures regarding education during epidemics. These measures, which include schools, teachers, students, places of residence, and parents from time to time, have had an institutional impact on the state. When we look at the archive documents, issues such as the vacation of schools, vaccination policies, dissemination of disinfection studies, raising awareness among students and their parents, arranging separate allowances for these issues, and financial and moral support of teachers in this regard have been the most mentioned issues regarding epidemic and • 419
İslâm dininde bazı dinlerde de olduğu gibi diğer zamanlardan farklı anlamları olan kutlu gün ve g... more İslâm dininde bazı dinlerde de olduğu gibi diğer zamanlardan farklı anlamları olan kutlu gün ve geceler mevcuttur. Kandil geceleri de bunlardandır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda bu gecelerde isimleriyle müsemmâ olarak, hem camilerin ışıklandırılmasına, hem de yüreklerin nurlandırılmasına önem verildiği görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede Osmanlı coğrafyasında bu çerçevede diğer İslâm ülkelerinden daha zengin bir folklor oluşmuş, saraydan halka uzanan törenlerle özel kutlama ve pratiklere sahip olunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda kutlu zaman olarak görülen kandil geceleri ve onlar etrafında meydana gelen kandil kültüründen bahsedilecektir. Bununla birlikte mübarek sayılan diğer gün ve gecelere değinilmeyecek, ayrıca, kandillerin İslâm'daki yerleri hususuna girilmeyecektir.
Kosova, e cila gjendet në pikën ku bashkohen dhe kryqëzohen rrugët e rëndësishme gjeografike dhe ... more Kosova, e cila gjendet në pikën ku bashkohen dhe kryqëzohen rrugët e rëndësishme gjeografike dhe gjeopolitike, që nga kohët e lashta ka pasur popuj të ndryshëm që u takonin feve të ndryshme. Në mes të këtyre popujve kishte edhe prej atyre që ishin myslima
Bu çalışmada, Dârulfünûn ile başlayan tarihi süreçte, ilâhiyat fakültelerinde, yüksek İslâm ensti... more Bu çalışmada, Dârulfünûn ile başlayan tarihi süreçte, ilâhiyat fakültelerinde, yüksek İslâm enstitülerinde, İslâmi ilimler fakültelerinde, önlisans ilâhiyat ve ilâhiyat tamamlama programlarında, varsa İslâm Tarihi kürsüleri ya da derslerinin müfredattaki tarihi seyri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Tespit edildiği kadarıyla bu alan derslerinin bu yüksek din öğretim kurumlarındaki yerine değinilmiştir.
Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire ... more Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire in every way, and various measures were taken in various fields according to the conjuncture of the period. The reason for choosing the last period in this study is that more epidemic detections have been made and the records of this period are high. After the 1800s, different epidemics with certain processes and results were experienced in the Ottoman Empire for certain reasons. Some of them affected the state at the micro level and some at the macro level. Undoubtedly, the most affected part of the epidemics were children, especially children of education age, who both accelerated the process of being affected by the disease and became the fastest intervention group. The Ottomans took separate measures regarding education during epidemics. These measures, which include schools, teachers, students, places of residence, and parents from time to time, have had an institutional impact on the state. When we look at the archive documents, issues such as the vacation of schools, vaccination policies, dissemination of disinfection studies, raising awareness among students and their parents, arranging separate allowances for these issues, and financial and moral support of teachers in this regard have been the most mentioned issues regarding epidemic and • 419
Osmanli 'nin Mohac Meydan Savasi 'ndan (1526) sonra, Macaristan topraklarindan buyuk bir ... more Osmanli 'nin Mohac Meydan Savasi 'ndan (1526) sonra, Macaristan topraklarindan buyuk bir kismini almasiyla Avusturya ile komsu olunmus ve iliskiler ciddi anlamda baslamistir. 1600'lerde yogunlasan bu ulke ile iliskilerin farklilastigi devre, Osmanli 'nin Tanzimat ve sonrasini iceren son donemlerine denk gelmektedir. Ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal alanda karsilikli iliskilerin iyilesmesi entelektuel ve kulturel alana da yansimistir. Iki ulke arasindaki kulturel ve entelektuel iliskilerin yansima alanlarindan birisi de karsilikli hediyelesmelerdir. Diger ulkelerde oldugu gibi Osmanli siyasi arenasinda da oldukca buyuk yer tutan hediyelesme ile ilgili cok cesitli veri ile karsilasabilmekteyiz. Konumuzla ilgili olarak Osmanli arsiv belgelerini inceledigimizde Avusturya heyetinin padisaha zaman zaman kitaplar hediye ettigi ve padisahin da Avusturya'ya cesitli hediyelerle karsilik verdigini ogrenmekteyiz. Bu calismada milletlerin tarihinin sekillenmesinde onemli yeri olan ku...
The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of... more The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of ‘difference’ was basic in pre-modern Ottoman. This mosaic modelof society based on differences in belief and preserved by law. Our topic isappearance’s transportation which is one of the consequences of religiousand national multi-unity in Ottoman’s Period of Tanzimat (Revolution) Themain issues are religious conversion, and tanassur (being Christian) secretreligion, and apostasy that they will be subject of this paper. Our aim is toevaluate from a different perspective this issue as problematic that reflectedthe extent of archival documents and Court Records rather than to give thenumerical values of these views. Conversion to Islam’s causes, results, andsecret religious’ reasons and tanassur’s effects are open-ended topics. In thispaper, the effect of the religious change and appearance’s those changes thatconversion to Islam, secret religion, crypto, tanassur (being Christian) andapostasy in the the Period of Tanzimat will be evaluated according to OttomanArchive Documents.
The diversity of the geography of the Balkans, continues to be seen and was seen in the structure... more The diversity of the geography of the Balkans, continues to be seen and was seen in the structure of religious belief. This area of this area in the early period of the Ottoman state realized and started to work on too early. Which means this area has been the door to a cosmopolitan Europe. This religious structure is also observed. It is a combination of different religions with different ideological lines in common with Muslims as the insuence of the Sufi school is noted for. Many studies have been made about his relationship with one aspect of the bektashi alevism. Here, too, the mystical tradition within the intellectual structure of schools and the alevi bektashi halveti to we tried to draw attention to the interaction. Although studies have been used from time to time the documents are also reviewed in the light of assessments last term. Are Halvetis Alevi/Bektashi in the Balkans? Is there an interaction between them? What is the situation as prevalence and muntesip? Those had...
Islâm dininde bazi dinlerde de oldugu gibi diger zamanlardan farkli anlamlari olan kutlu gun ve g... more Islâm dininde bazi dinlerde de oldugu gibi diger zamanlardan farkli anlamlari olan kutlu gun ve geceler mevcuttur. Kandil geceleri de bunlardandir. Osmanli Imparatorlugu’nda bu gecelerde isimleriyle musemmâ olarak, hem camilerin isiklandirilmasina, hem de yureklerin nurlandirilmasina onem verildigi gorulmektedir. Bu cercevede Osmanli cografyasinda bu cercevede diger Islâm ulkelerinden daha zengin bir folklor olusmus, saraydan halka uzanan torenlerle ozel kutlama ve pratiklere sahip olunmustur. Bu calismada Osmanli Imparatorlugu’nda kutlu zaman olarak gorulen kandil geceleri ve onlar etrafinda meydana gelen kandil kulturunden bahsedilecektir. Bununla birlikte mubarek sayilan diger gun ve gecelere deginilmeyecek, ayrica, kandillerin Islâm’daki yerleri hususuna girilmeyecektir
The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of... more The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of ‘difference’ was basic in pre-modern Ottoman. This mosaic modelof society based on differences in belief and preserved by law. Our topic isappearance’s transportation which is one of the consequences of religiousand national multi-unity in Ottoman’s Period of Tanzimat (Revolution) Themain issues are religious conversion, and tanassur (being Christian) secretreligion, and apostasy that they will be subject of this paper. Our aim is toevaluate from a different perspective this issue as problematic that reflectedthe extent of archival documents and Court Records rather than to give thenumerical values of these views. Conversion to Islam’s causes, results, andsecret religious’ reasons and tanassur’s effects are open-ended topics. In thispaper, the effect of the religious change and appearance’s those changes thatconversion to Islam, secret religion, crypto, tanassur (being Christian) andapostasy in the the Period of Tanzimat will be evaluated according to OttomanArchive Documents.
Since its existence, human beings have found and used communication methods across all
periods an... more Since its existence, human beings have found and used communication methods across all periods and regions. From the point of view of history and historians, the phenomenon of letters has become one of the agents or causes that has played the role of the key and lock of human loves, beliefs, wars, and peace. Especially for the sultans, emirs and presidents who were in the representative office, the letters were of such importance that they determined the existence and non-existence. To give an example, the situation that brought Sultan Yıldırım Bayezid and Amir Timur face-to-face in the Ankara Lowland has a meaning found in the letters. In the present article, we try to decipher the story of the correspondence between two powerful rulers of the time. This letter consists of the response letter of the sultan of Anatolian Seljuk, ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad (d. 635/1237), to the letter(s) written by the king of Ayyubid Malik Ashraf (d. 634/1236-7). The reason for the study is that this manuscript, which was found in the magazine registered with the imprint of Çorum Hasan Pasha Manuscript Library in 1071, has not been published anywhere before and has not been the subject of an academic study. Despite the many letters of ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad that have been identified, this letter, which is the subject of the study, is a manuscript that has not been found in any work. Although the date is not declared, considering the relationship between the two rulers, it is highly likely that it dates back to 1226. It is thought that by analyzing the letter, it will shed light on the relationship between these two powerful historical figures, who are also relatives, and the Anatolian Seljuk State and the Ayyubids. Examining the short but meaningful Arabic written letter also contributed to our making some determinations about Sultan ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad, whom the Turkmens and Ibn Bibi called ‘ulugh/ greatness ‘. There are numerous ways to gain access to these types of letters and similar documents. Among these very fundamental sources are Monsheat magazines, where such important letters have been published, from which we learn or make sense of the course of history. It should also be added that the letters between the sultans could either be deliberately lost due to security reasons of the time or they could disappear for different reasons. In the hope that it will give different meanings to those concerned, the original text of the Arabic manuscript, which is the subject of our article, has been reviewed, reconstructed, and transferred to the text. This text has been translated, and the critical edition and analysis of the text have been made within its historical framework.
Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire ... more Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire in every way, and various measures were taken in various fields according to the conjuncture of the period. The reason for choosing the last period in this study is that more epidemic detections have been made and the records of this period are high. After the 1800s, different epidemics with certain processes and results were experienced in the Ottoman Empire for certain reasons. Some of them affected the state at the micro level and some at the macro level. Undoubtedly, the most affected part of the epidemics were children, especially children of education age, who both accelerated the process of being affected by the disease and became the fastest intervention group. The Ottomans took separate measures regarding education during epidemics. These measures, which include schools, teachers, students, places of residence, and parents from time to time, have had an institutional impact on the state. When we look at the archive documents, issues such as the vacation of schools, vaccination policies, dissemination of disinfection studies, raising awareness among students and their parents, arranging separate allowances for these issues, and financial and moral support of teachers in this regard have been the most mentioned issues regarding epidemic and • 419
İslâm dininde bazı dinlerde de olduğu gibi diğer zamanlardan farklı anlamları olan kutlu gün ve g... more İslâm dininde bazı dinlerde de olduğu gibi diğer zamanlardan farklı anlamları olan kutlu gün ve geceler mevcuttur. Kandil geceleri de bunlardandır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda bu gecelerde isimleriyle müsemmâ olarak, hem camilerin ışıklandırılmasına, hem de yüreklerin nurlandırılmasına önem verildiği görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede Osmanlı coğrafyasında bu çerçevede diğer İslâm ülkelerinden daha zengin bir folklor oluşmuş, saraydan halka uzanan törenlerle özel kutlama ve pratiklere sahip olunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda kutlu zaman olarak görülen kandil geceleri ve onlar etrafında meydana gelen kandil kültüründen bahsedilecektir. Bununla birlikte mübarek sayılan diğer gün ve gecelere değinilmeyecek, ayrıca, kandillerin İslâm'daki yerleri hususuna girilmeyecektir.
Kosova, e cila gjendet në pikën ku bashkohen dhe kryqëzohen rrugët e rëndësishme gjeografike dhe ... more Kosova, e cila gjendet në pikën ku bashkohen dhe kryqëzohen rrugët e rëndësishme gjeografike dhe gjeopolitike, që nga kohët e lashta ka pasur popuj të ndryshëm që u takonin feve të ndryshme. Në mes të këtyre popujve kishte edhe prej atyre që ishin myslima
Bu çalışmada, Dârulfünûn ile başlayan tarihi süreçte, ilâhiyat fakültelerinde, yüksek İslâm ensti... more Bu çalışmada, Dârulfünûn ile başlayan tarihi süreçte, ilâhiyat fakültelerinde, yüksek İslâm enstitülerinde, İslâmi ilimler fakültelerinde, önlisans ilâhiyat ve ilâhiyat tamamlama programlarında, varsa İslâm Tarihi kürsüleri ya da derslerinin müfredattaki tarihi seyri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Tespit edildiği kadarıyla bu alan derslerinin bu yüksek din öğretim kurumlarındaki yerine değinilmiştir.
Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire ... more Epidemics such as plague, measles, malaria, cholera, and Spanish flu affected the Ottoman Empire in every way, and various measures were taken in various fields according to the conjuncture of the period. The reason for choosing the last period in this study is that more epidemic detections have been made and the records of this period are high. After the 1800s, different epidemics with certain processes and results were experienced in the Ottoman Empire for certain reasons. Some of them affected the state at the micro level and some at the macro level. Undoubtedly, the most affected part of the epidemics were children, especially children of education age, who both accelerated the process of being affected by the disease and became the fastest intervention group. The Ottomans took separate measures regarding education during epidemics. These measures, which include schools, teachers, students, places of residence, and parents from time to time, have had an institutional impact on the state. When we look at the archive documents, issues such as the vacation of schools, vaccination policies, dissemination of disinfection studies, raising awareness among students and their parents, arranging separate allowances for these issues, and financial and moral support of teachers in this regard have been the most mentioned issues regarding epidemic and • 419
Osmanli 'nin Mohac Meydan Savasi 'ndan (1526) sonra, Macaristan topraklarindan buyuk bir ... more Osmanli 'nin Mohac Meydan Savasi 'ndan (1526) sonra, Macaristan topraklarindan buyuk bir kismini almasiyla Avusturya ile komsu olunmus ve iliskiler ciddi anlamda baslamistir. 1600'lerde yogunlasan bu ulke ile iliskilerin farklilastigi devre, Osmanli 'nin Tanzimat ve sonrasini iceren son donemlerine denk gelmektedir. Ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal alanda karsilikli iliskilerin iyilesmesi entelektuel ve kulturel alana da yansimistir. Iki ulke arasindaki kulturel ve entelektuel iliskilerin yansima alanlarindan birisi de karsilikli hediyelesmelerdir. Diger ulkelerde oldugu gibi Osmanli siyasi arenasinda da oldukca buyuk yer tutan hediyelesme ile ilgili cok cesitli veri ile karsilasabilmekteyiz. Konumuzla ilgili olarak Osmanli arsiv belgelerini inceledigimizde Avusturya heyetinin padisaha zaman zaman kitaplar hediye ettigi ve padisahin da Avusturya'ya cesitli hediyelerle karsilik verdigini ogrenmekteyiz. Bu calismada milletlerin tarihinin sekillenmesinde onemli yeri olan ku...
The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of... more The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of ‘difference’ was basic in pre-modern Ottoman. This mosaic modelof society based on differences in belief and preserved by law. Our topic isappearance’s transportation which is one of the consequences of religiousand national multi-unity in Ottoman’s Period of Tanzimat (Revolution) Themain issues are religious conversion, and tanassur (being Christian) secretreligion, and apostasy that they will be subject of this paper. Our aim is toevaluate from a different perspective this issue as problematic that reflectedthe extent of archival documents and Court Records rather than to give thenumerical values of these views. Conversion to Islam’s causes, results, andsecret religious’ reasons and tanassur’s effects are open-ended topics. In thispaper, the effect of the religious change and appearance’s those changes thatconversion to Islam, secret religion, crypto, tanassur (being Christian) andapostasy in the the Period of Tanzimat will be evaluated according to OttomanArchive Documents.
The diversity of the geography of the Balkans, continues to be seen and was seen in the structure... more The diversity of the geography of the Balkans, continues to be seen and was seen in the structure of religious belief. This area of this area in the early period of the Ottoman state realized and started to work on too early. Which means this area has been the door to a cosmopolitan Europe. This religious structure is also observed. It is a combination of different religions with different ideological lines in common with Muslims as the insuence of the Sufi school is noted for. Many studies have been made about his relationship with one aspect of the bektashi alevism. Here, too, the mystical tradition within the intellectual structure of schools and the alevi bektashi halveti to we tried to draw attention to the interaction. Although studies have been used from time to time the documents are also reviewed in the light of assessments last term. Are Halvetis Alevi/Bektashi in the Balkans? Is there an interaction between them? What is the situation as prevalence and muntesip? Those had...
Islâm dininde bazi dinlerde de oldugu gibi diger zamanlardan farkli anlamlari olan kutlu gun ve g... more Islâm dininde bazi dinlerde de oldugu gibi diger zamanlardan farkli anlamlari olan kutlu gun ve geceler mevcuttur. Kandil geceleri de bunlardandir. Osmanli Imparatorlugu’nda bu gecelerde isimleriyle musemmâ olarak, hem camilerin isiklandirilmasina, hem de yureklerin nurlandirilmasina onem verildigi gorulmektedir. Bu cercevede Osmanli cografyasinda bu cercevede diger Islâm ulkelerinden daha zengin bir folklor olusmus, saraydan halka uzanan torenlerle ozel kutlama ve pratiklere sahip olunmustur. Bu calismada Osmanli Imparatorlugu’nda kutlu zaman olarak gorulen kandil geceleri ve onlar etrafinda meydana gelen kandil kulturunden bahsedilecektir. Bununla birlikte mubarek sayilan diger gun ve gecelere deginilmeyecek, ayrica, kandillerin Islâm’daki yerleri hususuna girilmeyecektir
The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of... more The Ottomansystem was a formation that based on differences. ‘Sameness’ or ‘similarity’instead of ‘difference’ was basic in pre-modern Ottoman. This mosaic modelof society based on differences in belief and preserved by law. Our topic isappearance’s transportation which is one of the consequences of religiousand national multi-unity in Ottoman’s Period of Tanzimat (Revolution) Themain issues are religious conversion, and tanassur (being Christian) secretreligion, and apostasy that they will be subject of this paper. Our aim is toevaluate from a different perspective this issue as problematic that reflectedthe extent of archival documents and Court Records rather than to give thenumerical values of these views. Conversion to Islam’s causes, results, andsecret religious’ reasons and tanassur’s effects are open-ended topics. In thispaper, the effect of the religious change and appearance’s those changes thatconversion to Islam, secret religion, crypto, tanassur (being Christian) andapostasy in the the Period of Tanzimat will be evaluated according to OttomanArchive Documents.
Yetim ve Kimsesiz Çocuklar Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 2023
Hem geniş bir coğrafyaya hakimiyet açısından hem de uzun bir dönem hükmetme açısından Osmanlı Dev... more Hem geniş bir coğrafyaya hakimiyet açısından hem de uzun bir dönem hükmetme açısından Osmanlı Devleti dünya tarihinde önemli bir aktör olmuştur. Devletin bu hususiyetlerine etki eden, ya da etkilediği her yönünü bir çalışmada ele almak mümkün olmasa gerektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızın zamanı Osmanlı’nın son dönemi olarak yaklaşık 100-150 yılı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Osmanlı’nın gerileme ve yıkılış sürecine karşılık gelen bu dönem hem yönetim hem halk adına oldukça acı tecrübelerin, büyük kayıpların yaşandığı bir zaman dilimini içermektedir. Savaşlar, yıkım ve sefaletin belirleyici olduğu bu dönemin en fazla etkileneni ise kimsesiz kalmış, korunmaya muhtaç yetimler olmuştur. Anne karnında iken bile çocuğun hakkı olduğunu ifade eden İslam hukukuna tabi Osmanlı Devleti’nde, çocuklar ve özellikle yetim çocuklara yönelik hizmetlerin olduğu muhakkaktır. Bu yetimler en çok neye ihtiyaç duydular, iaşe ve ibateleri için kimden destek buldular, sağlık ve eğitim imkânlarına erişim şartları nasıldı, istihdam edilme şart ve imkânları nelerdi sorularına cevap ararken, bu temel soru ve problemlere sivil toplumun ve devletin kurumsal bazda sunduğu çözümler bu çalışmanın konusudur. Ayrıca Osmanlı’dan devralınarak cumhuriyete de taşınan kurumların varlığı, bu kurumlardaki varsa değişen hususlar yine çalışmamızda ele aldığımız konular arasında yer almıştır. Kaynak olarak birinci el kaynakların kullanımına dikkat edilmekle birlikte, bu konuda yapılmış çok sayıda ikincil çalışmalardan da faydalanılmıştır.
TANZiMAT DÔNEMINDE DiN DEĞIŞTIRME HAREKETLERİ (1839-1876), 2010
Dr. Hasan KURT'a teşekkür ederim. Çalışmamın kaynakları sebebiyle Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Ge... more Dr. Hasan KURT'a teşekkür ederim. Çalışmamın kaynakları sebebiyle Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü'nün saygıdeğer çalışanlarına ve araştırmanın fikir aşamasından yazımına kadar pek çok konuda yanımda olan arkadaşlarıma ve aileme de bilhassa teşekkür ederim.
İslâm kültür ve medeniyetinde misafir kavramı özeldir. Allah’ın bir lütfu olarak
görülmesinin yan... more İslâm kültür ve medeniyetinde misafir kavramı özeldir. Allah’ın bir lütfu olarak görülmesinin yanı sıra, sadaka verilmesi tavsiye edilenler arasında yolcular da zikredilmiştir. El üstünde tutulan misafire evin en güzel odası hazırlanır ve hürmette kusur edilmez. Bir de devletin misafirleri vardır ki, bunlar için de aynı kültürün yansıması olarak misafirhaneler oluşturulmuştur. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda da padişahlar/idareciler misafirhane konusuna önem vermişlerdir. Osmanlı’da misafirhaneler çeşitlilik arzetmektedir. Diğer devletlerin temsilcilerinin, askerlerin, okullarda çalışan görevlilerin, halkın, kadınların misafirhaneleri zaman zaman farklılık gösterebilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Devlet Arşivi belgelerine dayanarak, misafirhane kurumu incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tanzimat öncesine de değinilmekle birlikte ağırlıklı olarak Nizamname sonrası yani Tanzimat sonrası işleyişe yer verilmiştir. Misafirhaneler nerelerde yapılır, nasıl idare edilir, yapısal değişiklikler var mıdır ve neye göredir gibi sorularımıza cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır.
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Papers by Halide Aslan
periods and regions. From the point of view of history and historians, the phenomenon of letters has
become one of the agents or causes that has played the role of the key and lock of human loves, beliefs,
wars, and peace. Especially for the sultans, emirs and presidents who were in the representative office,
the letters were of such importance that they determined the existence and non-existence. To give
an example, the situation that brought Sultan Yıldırım Bayezid and Amir Timur face-to-face in the
Ankara Lowland has a meaning found in the letters. In the present article, we try to decipher the story
of the correspondence between two powerful rulers of the time. This letter consists of the response
letter of the sultan of Anatolian Seljuk, ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad (d. 635/1237), to the letter(s) written by
the king of Ayyubid Malik Ashraf (d. 634/1236-7). The reason for the study is that this manuscript,
which was found in the magazine registered with the imprint of Çorum Hasan Pasha Manuscript
Library in 1071, has not been published anywhere before and has not been the subject of an academic
study. Despite the many letters of ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad that have been identified, this letter, which
is the subject of the study, is a manuscript that has not been found in any work. Although the date
is not declared, considering the relationship between the two rulers, it is highly likely that it dates
back to 1226. It is thought that by analyzing the letter, it will shed light on the relationship between
these two powerful historical figures, who are also relatives, and the Anatolian Seljuk State and the
Ayyubids. Examining the short but meaningful Arabic written letter also contributed to our making
some determinations about Sultan ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad, whom the Turkmens and Ibn Bibi called
‘ulugh/ greatness ‘. There are numerous ways to gain access to these types of letters and similar documents. Among these very fundamental sources are Monsheat magazines, where such important letters
have been published, from which we learn or make sense of the course of history. It should also be added that the letters between the sultans could either be deliberately lost due to security reasons of
the time or they could disappear for different reasons. In the hope that it will give different meanings
to those concerned, the original text of the Arabic manuscript, which is the subject of our article,
has been reviewed, reconstructed, and transferred to the text. This text has been translated, and the
critical edition and analysis of the text have been made within its historical framework.
periods and regions. From the point of view of history and historians, the phenomenon of letters has
become one of the agents or causes that has played the role of the key and lock of human loves, beliefs,
wars, and peace. Especially for the sultans, emirs and presidents who were in the representative office,
the letters were of such importance that they determined the existence and non-existence. To give
an example, the situation that brought Sultan Yıldırım Bayezid and Amir Timur face-to-face in the
Ankara Lowland has a meaning found in the letters. In the present article, we try to decipher the story
of the correspondence between two powerful rulers of the time. This letter consists of the response
letter of the sultan of Anatolian Seljuk, ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad (d. 635/1237), to the letter(s) written by
the king of Ayyubid Malik Ashraf (d. 634/1236-7). The reason for the study is that this manuscript,
which was found in the magazine registered with the imprint of Çorum Hasan Pasha Manuscript
Library in 1071, has not been published anywhere before and has not been the subject of an academic
study. Despite the many letters of ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad that have been identified, this letter, which
is the subject of the study, is a manuscript that has not been found in any work. Although the date
is not declared, considering the relationship between the two rulers, it is highly likely that it dates
back to 1226. It is thought that by analyzing the letter, it will shed light on the relationship between
these two powerful historical figures, who are also relatives, and the Anatolian Seljuk State and the
Ayyubids. Examining the short but meaningful Arabic written letter also contributed to our making
some determinations about Sultan ‘Ala’al-Din Keyqubad, whom the Turkmens and Ibn Bibi called
‘ulugh/ greatness ‘. There are numerous ways to gain access to these types of letters and similar documents. Among these very fundamental sources are Monsheat magazines, where such important letters
have been published, from which we learn or make sense of the course of history. It should also be added that the letters between the sultans could either be deliberately lost due to security reasons of
the time or they could disappear for different reasons. In the hope that it will give different meanings
to those concerned, the original text of the Arabic manuscript, which is the subject of our article,
has been reviewed, reconstructed, and transferred to the text. This text has been translated, and the
critical edition and analysis of the text have been made within its historical framework.
kalmış, korunmaya muhtaç yetimler olmuştur.
Anne karnında iken bile çocuğun hakkı olduğunu ifade eden İslam hukukuna tabi Osmanlı Devleti’nde, çocuklar ve özellikle yetim çocuklara yönelik hizmetlerin olduğu muhakkaktır. Bu yetimler en çok neye ihtiyaç duydular, iaşe ve ibateleri için kimden destek buldular, sağlık
ve eğitim imkânlarına erişim şartları nasıldı, istihdam edilme şart ve imkânları nelerdi sorularına cevap ararken, bu temel soru ve problemlere sivil toplumun ve devletin kurumsal bazda sunduğu çözümler bu çalışmanın konusudur. Ayrıca Osmanlı’dan devralınarak cumhuriyete de taşınan kurumların varlığı, bu kurumlardaki varsa değişen hususlar yine çalışmamızda ele aldığımız konular arasında yer almıştır. Kaynak olarak birinci el kaynakların kullanımına dikkat edilmekle birlikte, bu konuda yapılmış çok sayıda ikincil çalışmalardan da faydalanılmıştır.
görülmesinin yanı sıra, sadaka verilmesi tavsiye edilenler arasında yolcular da zikredilmiştir.
El üstünde tutulan misafire evin en güzel odası hazırlanır ve hürmette kusur edilmez.
Bir de devletin misafirleri vardır ki, bunlar için de aynı kültürün yansıması olarak
misafirhaneler oluşturulmuştur. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda da padişahlar/idareciler
misafirhane konusuna önem vermişlerdir. Osmanlı’da misafirhaneler çeşitlilik arzetmektedir.
Diğer devletlerin temsilcilerinin, askerlerin, okullarda çalışan görevlilerin, halkın, kadınların
misafirhaneleri zaman zaman farklılık gösterebilmiştir.
Çalışmamızda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Devlet Arşivi belgelerine dayanarak,
misafirhane kurumu incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tanzimat öncesine de değinilmekle birlikte
ağırlıklı olarak Nizamname sonrası yani Tanzimat sonrası işleyişe yer verilmiştir.
Misafirhaneler nerelerde yapılır, nasıl idare edilir, yapısal değişiklikler var mıdır ve neye
göredir gibi sorularımıza cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır.