Landscape Architecture

Ecotourism is an important instrument used for contribution to preservation of the natural landscape and offers a solution to the poverty problem commonplace in underdeveloped regions. In addition, it produces a structure utility for the economic development and political progress of the local population, providing a resource for training of the visitors and for preservation. For the last five years, there have been significant initiatives concerning sustainable and environmentally sensitive tourism in Turkey. The National Tourism Strategy is one of these initiatives and its primary objective is to ensure the integration of ecotourism within protected areas. As part of this strategic plan, the Western Black Sea Region is designated as a notable area wherein ecotourism is to be expanded. The Kastamonu-Bartin Kure Mountains National Park (KMNP) stands in the foreground of this region, being one of the major focuses of the strategy. The goal of this discussion is to assess the ecotourism potential of Kastamonu-Bartin KMNP and additionally to provide an orientation for ecotourism activities to be developed for the region. In this regard, the "KMNP Buffer Zone-Ulus Region Ecotourism Development Framework" has been produced as a recommendation following the results of the study conducted by means of the Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum (ECOS) method in which the ecotourism potential of twenty (20) villages was evaluated. The study area was divided into two regions in the framework. As a result of employing ECOS, centers of ecotourism were described and identified strong and weak, with weak centers found to be dependent upon strong centers. The results of this study contribute significantly to the assessment of the ecotourism potential for the region studied, and they apply especially to the protected areas and their appropriate development.

Recent studies have shown the value of place names as environmental indicators. Until now they have not been applied to the effects of climate change, because verifying such relationship by this approach requires a multidisciplinary analysis and a study area where the anthropic impact has been recent. This study aims to test the possibility in a study area little altered by man until the second half of the twentieth century (Doñana Natural Park, SW Spain), and with a heritage very rich in wetlands. The results show that the desiccation of these wetlands is reflected in the local toponymy, and that in turn this regression is related with the end of the Little Ice Age and with the beginning of warming in southern Europe during the twentieth century. The coincidence of these results with data published for Arctic latitudes reveals—in our opinion—the possibility that certain place names can be used as indicators of recent climate changes, at least in some ecosystems.

Şahin, Ş., Perçin, H., Kurum, E., Uzun, O. and Bilgili, B.C. (2014). National Technical Guideline for Landscape Character Analysis and Assessment at the Regional and Sub-Regional (Provincial) Levels. TÜBİTAK KAMAG 1007 Program PEYZAJ-44 Project No 109G074 outcome, where Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, and Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs are the Beneficiary Institutions and Ankara University is
the Coordinating Institution, 121 Pages, Ankara.

This guideline is one of the important outcomes of the “Provincial Scale Landscape Character Analysis and Its Assessment for Tourism and Recreation”2 project funded by KAMAG (Public Institutions Research Funding Program) 1007 Program of TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). The information of the project is as follows:

Project Title: Provincial Scale Landscape Character Analysis and Its Assessment for Tourism and Recreation (PEYZAJ-44). The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
(TÜBİTAK) KAMAG Project No 109G074.

Coordinating Institution: Ankara University

Beneficiary Institutions: General Directorate of Local Administrations under the Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Spatial Planning under the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, and General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks under the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs

Project Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Şükran Şahin

Project Researchers: Prof. Dr. Halim Perçin, Assitant Prof. Dr. Ekrem Kurum, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Osman Uzun, Assistant Prof. Dr. Bayram Cemil Bilgili

Project Consultants: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Levent Tezcan, Prof. Dr. İhsan Çiçek, Prof. Dr. Hakan Yiğitbaşıoğlu

Scholarship Holders: Volkan Müftüoğlu (Research and Teaching Asstistant and PhD Student), Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı (Research and Teaching Asstistant and PhD Student), Simten Sütünç (PhD Student), Duygu Doğan (PhD Student), Ersin Ateş (MSc Student), Özlem Koç (MSc Student), Bilge Tarım (MSc Student), Gözde Kurdoğlu (MSc Student), Hamdi Volkan Gökmenoğlu (MSc Student), Elif Namal (MSc Student), Yeliz Kaşko Arıcı (Research and Teaching Asstistant and PhD Student)

Project Duration: June 2010-December 2013

Project was initiated on June 2010 and completed in December 2013. Pilot area for the project is Malatya province, and the stages to carry out the “Landscape Character Analysis and Assessment (LCAA)” is explained with the example of pilot area. Malatya-Tunceli-Bingöl-Elazığ planning region was open to bids for tender by the General Directorate of EIA and Planning of the repealed Ministry of Environment and Forestry around the time project was initiated. Following additions were put into technical specification of the tender in order to integrate the outcomes of the project into the Environmental Development Plans.

Şahin, Ş., Perçin, H., Kurum, E., Uzun, O. ve Bilgili, B. C., 2014. Bölge - Alt Bölge (İl) Ölçeğinde Peyzaj Karakter Analizi ve Değerlendirmesi Ulusal Teknik Kılavuzu. Müşteri Kurumların T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı ve T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı olduğu, T.C. Ankara Üniversitesinin Yürütücü Kuruluş olduğu ve TÜBİTAK KAMAG 1007 Programı 109G074 No’lu PEYZAJ-44 Projesi Çıktısı, 148 Sayfa, Ankara.

Bu kılavuz TÜBİTAK Kamu Araştırmaları Grubu (KAMAG) 1007 Programı tarafından desteklenen, “İl Ölçeğinde Peyzaj Karakter Analizi ve Turizm/Rekreasyon Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”  başlıklı ve proje bilgileri aşağıda özetlenen çalışmanın önemli proje çıktılarından birini oluşturmaktadır.

Proje Adı: İl Ölçeğinde Peyzaj Karakter Analizi ve Turizm/Rekreasyon Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (PEYZAJ-44). 109G074 Nolu TÜBİTAK KAMAG Projesi.

Yürütücü Kuruluş: T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi

Müşteri Kurumlar: T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Mahalli İdareler Genel Müdürlüğü, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Mekansal Planlama Genel Müdürlüğü ve T.C Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Yürütücüsü : Prof. Dr. Şükran Şahin

Proje Araştırmacıları: Prof. Dr. Halim Perçin, Y. Doç. Dr. Ekrem Kurum, Doç.Dr. Osman Uzun, Y. Doç. Dr. Bayram Cemil Bilgili,
Proje Danışmanları: Doç. Dr. Levent Tezcan, Prof. Dr. İhsan Çiçek, Prof. Dr. Hakan Yiğitbaşıoğlu

Proje Bursiyerleri: Araş. Gör. Volkan Müftüoğlu, Araş. Gör. Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı, Simten Sütünç (Doktora Öğrencisi), Duygu Doğan (Doktora Öğrencisi), Ersin Ateş (Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi), Özlem Koç (Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi), Bilge Tarım (Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi), Gözde Kurdoğlu (Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi), Hamdi Volkan Gökmenoğlu (Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi), Elif Namal (Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi), Araş. Gör. Yeliz Kaşko Arıcı

Proje Süresi: Haziran 2010-Aralık 2012

Proje Haziran 2010 yılında başlamış ve Aralık 2012 tarihinde tamamlanmıştır. Proje pilot alanı Malatya ili olup bu proje kapsamında tanımlanan “Peyzaj Karakter Analizi ve Değerlendirmesi (PKAD)” yöntemine ilişkin aşamalar pilot alan örneğinde açıklanmıştır. Proje başladığı sırada, Mülga T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı ÇED ve Planlama Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından ihalesi yapılan Malatya-Tunceli-Bingöl-Elazığ planlama bölgesi Çevre Düzeni Planı’na proje çıktılarının entegrasyonu amacıyla ihale teknik şartnamesinde aşağıda belirtilen ekleme yapılmıştır.

This paper proposes a landscape planning and
management method for river basins within the context of
the European Landscape Convention (ELC) and European
Water Framework Directive (WFD). This method has been
applied to the Zir Valley in Ankara, Turkey. Landscape
planning is identified by the ELC (European Treaty Series
No. 176, 2000) as an important, forward-looking action to
enhance, restore or create landscapes. The ELC also states
that landscape management should promote sustainable
development to ensure the non-degradation of landscapes
and to help harmonize inevitable changes. The WFD
(Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council, 2000) is a set of guidelines for managing large
bodies of water. Its principle directive is to identify water
bodies and the adjacent land areas that influence, and
are influenced by, those water bodies. These are called
River Basin Districts, and act as essential physiographic
landscape units. While several regulations related to environmental
planning, and used on a national as well as
European basis, tend to utilize the same tools in practice,
there are dissimilarities in how they are specifically applied
and little effort is being made to promote a cooperative
approach. In this paper, a National Approach for River
Basin Management is proposed. This approach, which
includes a landscape planning and management method
based on landscape form and function, was developed to
address the common purposes of the ELC and WFD.