The aim of this paper is to explore the mental health challenges that Central American immigrant ... more The aim of this paper is to explore the mental health challenges that Central American immigrant youth face before and after arriving in the United States. This population is hard to reach, marginalized, and disproportionately exposed to trauma from a young age. This paper investigates the mental health stressors experienced by Central American immigrant youth and asylum seekers, including unaccompanied minors, surveyed in the U.S. in 2017. This mixed methods study uses qualitative data from interviews along with close-ended questions and the validated PHQ-8 Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). These new migrants face numerous challenges to mental health, increased psychopathological risk exacerbated by high levels of violence and low state-capacity in their countries of origin, restrictive immigration policies, the fear of deportation for themselves and their family members, and the pressure to integrate once in the U.S. We find that Central American youth have se...
This paper offers a comprehensive orientation to the recent surge in migration to the United Stat... more This paper offers a comprehensive orientation to the recent surge in migration to the United States by unaccompanied children and families from the Northern Triangle countries of Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. To inform advocates and others working on behalf of these new arrivals, this report seeks to: 1) Set the unprecedented expansion in the number of youth and family border crossings in the context of long-term migration trends from the region; 2) Present a detailed account of the country conditions (“push factors”) driving the exodus of Central American minors and families; and 3) Consider new arrivals’ prospects for remaining in the U.S. in light of available forms of deportation relief as well as current policy and advocacy responses.
The influence of globalization on international competitiveness is considered in the article. Two... more The influence of globalization on international competitiveness is considered in the article. Two strategies of economic growth are pointed out: the low road, that is producing more at lower cost and lower wages, with increasingly intensive exploitation of labor and environment, and the high road, that is upgrading capabilities in order to produce better basing on knowledge. Restrictions for developing countries trying to reach global competitiveness are formulated. Special attention is paid to the concept of upgrading and opportunities of joining transnational value chains. The importance of learning and forming social and political institutions for successful upgrading of the economy is stressed.
Al enfocar su mirada en el llamado Consenso de Washington, los organizadores de este número de la... more Al enfocar su mirada en el llamado Consenso de Washington, los organizadores de este número de la revista plantean la siguiente pregunta, que nos parece bien oportuna: A) ¿Qué elementos necesitan replantearse para el caso centroamericano? En amplios sectores, tanto dentro de la región como afuera, sigue persistiendo un fuerte compromiso con las políticas de liberalización, privatización y desregulación que constituyeron los ejes principales del famoso Consenso. Dichas prioridades se mantienen como centrales en la política de cooperación internacional estadounidense, en los planteamientos de las instituciones financieras, y en decisiones políticas tomadas por los líderes del área, tal como vimos a finales de enero de 2004, cuando Costa Rica optó por unirse al grupo de países centroamericanos que habían suscrito al CAFTA promocionado por el gobierno de Bush. Sin embargo, hoy en día prevalece un enorme escepticismo, tanto en la sociedad civil como entre los analistas académicos, sobre ...
This paper offers insights into dynamics of urban violence in two Central American countries that... more This paper offers insights into dynamics of urban violence in two Central American countries that have evolved very differently historically. Costa Rica boasts the lowest overall levels of poverty and inequality of any country on the Isthmus, and has benefited from decades of stable and relatively inclusive governance highlighted by ambitious social policies. El Salvador, by contrast, exhibits severe levels of poverty and inequality typical of its neighbors, as well as a long history of exclusionary rule and corresponding inattention to social welfare. Yet our research reveals significant parallels between the two countries. This three-year, multi-method comparative study, carried out by teams at FLACSO-Costa Rica and FLACSO-El Salvador in collaboration with American University and with support from the IDRC/DFID Safe and Inclusive Cities program, focused on violence in two impoverished urban communities in Costa Rica and three in El Salvador. In all five settings, we analyzed neighborhood dynamics as well as community assessments of anti-violence interventions. We identified numerous lessons, some of which are counterintuitive, as well as concrete measures for consideration by regional, national, and local policymakers and community actors.
In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of... more In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of major urban centers hinges on technological dynamism and the capacity to nurture innovation, universities have an increasingly vital role. Beyond the traditional role of teaching, leading universities in middle and lower-middle income countries are finding that the need to enlarge or build research capabilities in basic research and also in technology development is being urged upon them by governments and by firms. This collection of papers charts progress to date indicates where it might be heading and assesses the pace and direction of change.
Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede co... more Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede consultarse en <www.nuso.org>.
In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of... more In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of major urban centers hinges on technological dynamism and the capacity to nurture innovation, universities have an increasingly vital role. Beyond the traditional role of teaching, leading universities in middle and lower-middle income countries are finding that the need to enlarge or build research capabilities in basic research and also in technology development is being urged upon them by governments and by firms. This collection of papers charts progress to date indicates where it might be heading and assesses the pace and direction of change.
Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede co... more Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede consultarse en <www.nuso.org>.
Studies in Comparative International Development, 1999
... If developed and developing countries face increasingly similar challenges in their efforts t... more ... If developed and developing countries face increasingly similar challenges in their efforts to remain ... In its first year of operation, 1989, almost 9,000 people went through courses such as ... same foreign location (76); and the role of local festivals in sustaining relationships between ...
International Labor and Working-class History, 2007
ABSTRACT As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more... more ABSTRACT As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more than 500 years, indeed since the conquest, Latin-American economies and societies have been profoundly affected by developments in the world system. Over the past century alone, watershed moments such as the Great Depression of the 1930s and the oil shocks and international debt crisis of the 1970s and 80s, have rocked Latin-American economies, transforming development paradigms and with them the circumstances of the many millions who inhabit the region. Today, a quarter century has passed since Latin-American economies embarked, unevenly yet largely irreversibly, on the path of market-oriented reform. Designed to stimulate growth through insertion into global markets, structural adjustment programs swept Latin America in the wake of the debt crisis and were followed by a panoply of measures that sought an enduring restructuring of economies in the region. The pursuit of these so-called Washington Consensus policies did away with the inward-oriented strategies that had shaped development in the region throughout the postwar period. However reluctantly, Latin America staked its future on a renewed engagement with the world economy, and became a player in the highly contested processes of globalization that are reshaping societies and economies around much of the planet.
In the wake of a series of electoral victories, often dubbed a ‘pink tide’ by the media, there ha... more In the wake of a series of electoral victories, often dubbed a ‘pink tide’ by the media, there has seldom been a moment more propitious for the diverse parties, movements and leaders of the Latin American Left. Yet the Left faces daunting challenges, and the diversity of responses to these challenges suggests that there is not one but many left turns. This article, like the collection of essays that it introduces, critiques conventional distinctions between ‘populist’ and ‘social democratic’ currents of the Latin American Left, and argues that the left turns are best described as a multiplicity of disparate efforts to reopen or re-found the constitutional order or social pact. These efforts reveal deep-seated tensions between the Latin American Left and liberalism. The analysis reviews these tensions as well as some of the central policy challenges facing progressive governments and the relationships between social movements and political representation.
Centros de investigación y organizaciones no-gubernamentales miembros de CRIES/ Research Centers ... more Centros de investigación y organizaciones no-gubernamentales miembros de CRIES/ Research Centers and Non-Governmental Organizations Members of CRIES
The aim of this paper is to explore the mental health challenges that Central American immigrant ... more The aim of this paper is to explore the mental health challenges that Central American immigrant youth face before and after arriving in the United States. This population is hard to reach, marginalized, and disproportionately exposed to trauma from a young age. This paper investigates the mental health stressors experienced by Central American immigrant youth and asylum seekers, including unaccompanied minors, surveyed in the U.S. in 2017. This mixed methods study uses qualitative data from interviews along with close-ended questions and the validated PHQ-8 Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). These new migrants face numerous challenges to mental health, increased psychopathological risk exacerbated by high levels of violence and low state-capacity in their countries of origin, restrictive immigration policies, the fear of deportation for themselves and their family members, and the pressure to integrate once in the U.S. We find that Central American youth have se...
This paper offers a comprehensive orientation to the recent surge in migration to the United Stat... more This paper offers a comprehensive orientation to the recent surge in migration to the United States by unaccompanied children and families from the Northern Triangle countries of Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. To inform advocates and others working on behalf of these new arrivals, this report seeks to: 1) Set the unprecedented expansion in the number of youth and family border crossings in the context of long-term migration trends from the region; 2) Present a detailed account of the country conditions (“push factors”) driving the exodus of Central American minors and families; and 3) Consider new arrivals’ prospects for remaining in the U.S. in light of available forms of deportation relief as well as current policy and advocacy responses.
The influence of globalization on international competitiveness is considered in the article. Two... more The influence of globalization on international competitiveness is considered in the article. Two strategies of economic growth are pointed out: the low road, that is producing more at lower cost and lower wages, with increasingly intensive exploitation of labor and environment, and the high road, that is upgrading capabilities in order to produce better basing on knowledge. Restrictions for developing countries trying to reach global competitiveness are formulated. Special attention is paid to the concept of upgrading and opportunities of joining transnational value chains. The importance of learning and forming social and political institutions for successful upgrading of the economy is stressed.
Al enfocar su mirada en el llamado Consenso de Washington, los organizadores de este número de la... more Al enfocar su mirada en el llamado Consenso de Washington, los organizadores de este número de la revista plantean la siguiente pregunta, que nos parece bien oportuna: A) ¿Qué elementos necesitan replantearse para el caso centroamericano? En amplios sectores, tanto dentro de la región como afuera, sigue persistiendo un fuerte compromiso con las políticas de liberalización, privatización y desregulación que constituyeron los ejes principales del famoso Consenso. Dichas prioridades se mantienen como centrales en la política de cooperación internacional estadounidense, en los planteamientos de las instituciones financieras, y en decisiones políticas tomadas por los líderes del área, tal como vimos a finales de enero de 2004, cuando Costa Rica optó por unirse al grupo de países centroamericanos que habían suscrito al CAFTA promocionado por el gobierno de Bush. Sin embargo, hoy en día prevalece un enorme escepticismo, tanto en la sociedad civil como entre los analistas académicos, sobre ...
This paper offers insights into dynamics of urban violence in two Central American countries that... more This paper offers insights into dynamics of urban violence in two Central American countries that have evolved very differently historically. Costa Rica boasts the lowest overall levels of poverty and inequality of any country on the Isthmus, and has benefited from decades of stable and relatively inclusive governance highlighted by ambitious social policies. El Salvador, by contrast, exhibits severe levels of poverty and inequality typical of its neighbors, as well as a long history of exclusionary rule and corresponding inattention to social welfare. Yet our research reveals significant parallels between the two countries. This three-year, multi-method comparative study, carried out by teams at FLACSO-Costa Rica and FLACSO-El Salvador in collaboration with American University and with support from the IDRC/DFID Safe and Inclusive Cities program, focused on violence in two impoverished urban communities in Costa Rica and three in El Salvador. In all five settings, we analyzed neighborhood dynamics as well as community assessments of anti-violence interventions. We identified numerous lessons, some of which are counterintuitive, as well as concrete measures for consideration by regional, national, and local policymakers and community actors.
In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of... more In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of major urban centers hinges on technological dynamism and the capacity to nurture innovation, universities have an increasingly vital role. Beyond the traditional role of teaching, leading universities in middle and lower-middle income countries are finding that the need to enlarge or build research capabilities in basic research and also in technology development is being urged upon them by governments and by firms. This collection of papers charts progress to date indicates where it might be heading and assesses the pace and direction of change.
Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede co... more Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede consultarse en <www.nuso.org>.
In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of... more In a globalizing environment in which the competitiveness of firms and the economic prosperity of major urban centers hinges on technological dynamism and the capacity to nurture innovation, universities have an increasingly vital role. Beyond the traditional role of teaching, leading universities in middle and lower-middle income countries are finding that the need to enlarge or build research capabilities in basic research and also in technology development is being urged upon them by governments and by firms. This collection of papers charts progress to date indicates where it might be heading and assesses the pace and direction of change.
Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede co... more Nota: traducción de Verónica Mastronardi. La versión original de este artículo en inglés puede consultarse en <www.nuso.org>.
Studies in Comparative International Development, 1999
... If developed and developing countries face increasingly similar challenges in their efforts t... more ... If developed and developing countries face increasingly similar challenges in their efforts to remain ... In its first year of operation, 1989, almost 9,000 people went through courses such as ... same foreign location (76); and the role of local festivals in sustaining relationships between ...
International Labor and Working-class History, 2007
ABSTRACT As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more... more ABSTRACT As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more than 500 years, indeed since the conquest, Latin-American economies and societies have been profoundly affected by developments in the world system. Over the past century alone, watershed moments such as the Great Depression of the 1930s and the oil shocks and international debt crisis of the 1970s and 80s, have rocked Latin-American economies, transforming development paradigms and with them the circumstances of the many millions who inhabit the region. Today, a quarter century has passed since Latin-American economies embarked, unevenly yet largely irreversibly, on the path of market-oriented reform. Designed to stimulate growth through insertion into global markets, structural adjustment programs swept Latin America in the wake of the debt crisis and were followed by a panoply of measures that sought an enduring restructuring of economies in the region. The pursuit of these so-called Washington Consensus policies did away with the inward-oriented strategies that had shaped development in the region throughout the postwar period. However reluctantly, Latin America staked its future on a renewed engagement with the world economy, and became a player in the highly contested processes of globalization that are reshaping societies and economies around much of the planet.
In the wake of a series of electoral victories, often dubbed a ‘pink tide’ by the media, there ha... more In the wake of a series of electoral victories, often dubbed a ‘pink tide’ by the media, there has seldom been a moment more propitious for the diverse parties, movements and leaders of the Latin American Left. Yet the Left faces daunting challenges, and the diversity of responses to these challenges suggests that there is not one but many left turns. This article, like the collection of essays that it introduces, critiques conventional distinctions between ‘populist’ and ‘social democratic’ currents of the Latin American Left, and argues that the left turns are best described as a multiplicity of disparate efforts to reopen or re-found the constitutional order or social pact. These efforts reveal deep-seated tensions between the Latin American Left and liberalism. The analysis reviews these tensions as well as some of the central policy challenges facing progressive governments and the relationships between social movements and political representation.
Centros de investigación y organizaciones no-gubernamentales miembros de CRIES/ Research Centers ... more Centros de investigación y organizaciones no-gubernamentales miembros de CRIES/ Research Centers and Non-Governmental Organizations Members of CRIES
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