
Davut Ağbal
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الكلمات المفتاحيَّة: التفسير، لَالَهزَارِي، الياقوتة الحمراء، الماتريدي، تأويلات القرآن.
This article will discuss the possibility of understanding the 34th verse of Surat Luqmān and the subject of al-mugayyabāt al-hams, which is discussed in relation to this verse, differently from the way it is in-terpreted in the tradition of exegesis. In the traditional point of view, it is thought that this verse enu-merates the unseen/ghayb subjects that are outside of the knowledge of man, and the subject is detai-led with terms of kalām related to the unseen. In this study, it is suggested to separate this verse from the tangle of theological problems and interpret it based on the historical and cultural references in the environment of the revelation. In order to achieve this goal, the focus will be on identifying what this verse says and means in the picture of the revelation atmosphere built on historical data. As can be seen in the traditional interpretations, which will be presented in a chronological order in the article, some of historical information such as the reason for the revelation of the verse are taken into account in these interpretations. However, since it is not associated with the sociology, cultural and religious structure of this period, this information does not provide a holistic structure and lags behind in tradi-tional interpretations. As a matter of fact, it is witnessed that the verse has been dealt with in the past and today within the framework of the theological questions/problems that will be outlined below. On the other hand, in the proposed point of view, besides the linguistic features, the historical data of the atmosphere in which the verse was revealed, will constitute the determining factor of the interpretation. In this context, the subject will be detailed not only by using the facts that like the belief of the apo-calypse, the idea of naw’ and kehāne among the Jahiliyya Arabs that affect people even after they be-come Muslims but also by using of the tendency of the first interlocutors to ask many questions.
This study focuses on the treatise named al-Risāla an-nūriyya fī kaşf asrār an-nāriyye fī tafsīr ʾāyati an-nūr of Ibrahim al-Ḳirīmī (d. 1001/1593), one of the 16th-century Ottoman scholars. In this treatise, Ḳirīmī interprets ʾāyat al-nūr in an ishārī method. The focal point of his comments is the idea of Wahdat al-Wujud. In this direction, The Risāla refers to many issues such as the rankings of existence in sūfi thought, Haḳīḳat al-Muḥammadiyya, Zāt al-Ilāhiyya, the manifestation on the universe with the names and attributes. In the study, the text of this treatise, which has a single manuscript, and its translation were included, and in order to determine its place in the tafsir tradition, a literature review was made for the interpretations of ʾāyat al-nūr.
Hayatı hakkında fazlaca bilgi sahibi olma imkânımızın bulunmadığı Amasyalı âlim Yegenzâde Mehmed b. Osman (ö. 1180/1766), tefsir tarihinin önemli müelliflerinden biri olan Kâdı Beyzâvî’ye (ö. 685/1286) ait Envâru’t-tenzîl’e kısmî bir hâşiye kaleme almıştır. Hâşiye ‘ala Envâri’t-Tenzîl adlı bu eser Yâ-sin sûresinden Kur’ân’ın sonuna kadarki kısmı kapsamaktadır. Tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla sadece Amasya İl Halk Kütüphanesinde iki nüshası bulunan bu eser hakkında bilgi veren Amasyalı Âkifzâde Abdurrahim (ö. 1763/1815), Yegenzâde’nin bu hâşiyesinin temize çekilmediğini kaydetmektedir. Sunulacak tebliğ çerçevesinde Yegenzâde’nin eğitim-öğretim hayatının hâsılası ve XVIII. Yüzyıl Amasya’sındaki tefsir öğretimi hakkında ipuçları sunacak bu hâşiye, dil, üslûp ve içerik bakımından incelemeye tabi tutulacaktır.
ABSTRACT: Hashiya is one of the Islamic writing types, in addition, it is writing type that refers to the characteristic of tradition occurred in the course of time in education of Islamic sciences. Hashiya like sharh and ta‘līk is one of the writing activity composed onto the main text. And it is criticized on ground of that is followed the main text and repeated the same content. But in another perspective, it can also evaluated as form that is participatory read of the main text. Thusly, this kind of writing have many examples disaffirm modern paradigm. Besides, this tradition have some hashiyas which get ahead of main text as well as works that represented the different intellectual trend -with its text and sharh and hashiya- in one book cover.
Amasian scholar Yegenzāde Mahmad b. Osman Amāsī (d. 1180/1766) who we cannot reach to much knowledge about his life, wrote partial hashiya onto Kādī Baidāwī’s (d. 685/1286) work named Anwār al-Tanzīl. Kādī Baidāwī is one of the significant author of The Qur’ān exegesis history. This work that is named Hashiya ‘alā Anwār al-Tanzīl involve the section from Surah Yā-sīn to the end of The Qur’ān. As far as we can determine, there are only two copies of this hashiya in the Amasya Provincial Public Library. In according to Amasian Ākifzāde Abdurrahīm (d. 1763/1815) who give us information about this hashiya, mentioned Yegezāde's hashiya didn’t be made a clean copy. In the framework of this paper, it is investigated that results of Yegezāde's education life in addition to this hashiya that gives us clues about teaching The Qur’ān exegesis in Amasia in the 18th century.
Bu makalede, sözü edilen üç Fâtihâ tefsirinden yola çıkılarak Câmî’nin varlık anlayışına yönelik açıklamaları ve atıfları konu edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, Molla Câmî hakkında bilgi veren kaynaklarda bahsi geçmeyen iki eserinin tanıtımı, tahkîki ve tercümesinin yanı sıra onun bu eserlerdeki varlıkla ilgili ifadelerinin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma neticesinde üç eserin de muhteva bakımından birbiriyle uyumlu olduğu, özellikle âyetlerin işârî yorumlarında vahdet-i vücûd paradigmasının baskın olduğu ve bu düşünce çerçevesinde varlığın farklı veçhelerine işâret eden birçok yorum ve kavramın bu tefsirlerde ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir.
ABSTRACT: ‘Abd al-Rahmān Jāmī, one of the important figures of the 15th century, has been closely followed, with his works and ideas, in many Islamic towns as well as Khurasan, Samarkand and Herat where he spent most of his life in its. The author, who left behind many works for different fields of expertise, has also written in the field of exegesis. There are three exegeses of al-Fātihah that are ascribed to Mulla Jāmī in Turkey’s libraries. The first of it is a part of the Tafsir Mulla Jāmī that completed until the 40th verse of Surat al-Baqara. There is no doubt about the belonging of this exegesis to Jāmī. The second of it is ascribed to the author in the two manuscripts and it is a one-page ishārī exegesis of al-Fātihah. This work that is recorded in the manuscripts as Tafsîr sūrat al-Fātihah, although it’s not mentioned in the sources, via its content and style, it can be seen belonging to the author. Another of these exegeses is ishārī exegesis which consists of a poem written in Persian. The name is included in the manuscripts as Tafsîr sūrat al-Fātihah ‘alā lisān ahl at-tarīka. This is also a work that is not mentioned in the sources like his previous work. At the end of the poem, however, Jāmī mentions his own name. Furthermore, it is observed that the content of this poem is corresponding with the other two works.
In this article, the explanations and references of Jāmī on the understanding of existence, are discussed with reference to the three exegeses of al-Fātihah. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to define the two works and to present the edition critics and translations. These works are not mentioned in the sources giving information about Mulla Jāmī. In addition to this, it is also aimed to determine the statements about his understanding of the existence in these works. As a result of the study, it is determined that all three works are compatible with each other in terms of content, especially the wahdat al-wujūd paradigm is dominant in the ishārī interpretations of the verses. And in the frame this idea, many interpretations and concepts which refer to different dimensions of existence, are handled in these works.
الكلمات المفتاحيَّة: التفسير، لَالَهزَارِي، الياقوتة الحمراء، الماتريدي، تأويلات القرآن.
This article will discuss the possibility of understanding the 34th verse of Surat Luqmān and the subject of al-mugayyabāt al-hams, which is discussed in relation to this verse, differently from the way it is in-terpreted in the tradition of exegesis. In the traditional point of view, it is thought that this verse enu-merates the unseen/ghayb subjects that are outside of the knowledge of man, and the subject is detai-led with terms of kalām related to the unseen. In this study, it is suggested to separate this verse from the tangle of theological problems and interpret it based on the historical and cultural references in the environment of the revelation. In order to achieve this goal, the focus will be on identifying what this verse says and means in the picture of the revelation atmosphere built on historical data. As can be seen in the traditional interpretations, which will be presented in a chronological order in the article, some of historical information such as the reason for the revelation of the verse are taken into account in these interpretations. However, since it is not associated with the sociology, cultural and religious structure of this period, this information does not provide a holistic structure and lags behind in tradi-tional interpretations. As a matter of fact, it is witnessed that the verse has been dealt with in the past and today within the framework of the theological questions/problems that will be outlined below. On the other hand, in the proposed point of view, besides the linguistic features, the historical data of the atmosphere in which the verse was revealed, will constitute the determining factor of the interpretation. In this context, the subject will be detailed not only by using the facts that like the belief of the apo-calypse, the idea of naw’ and kehāne among the Jahiliyya Arabs that affect people even after they be-come Muslims but also by using of the tendency of the first interlocutors to ask many questions.
This study focuses on the treatise named al-Risāla an-nūriyya fī kaşf asrār an-nāriyye fī tafsīr ʾāyati an-nūr of Ibrahim al-Ḳirīmī (d. 1001/1593), one of the 16th-century Ottoman scholars. In this treatise, Ḳirīmī interprets ʾāyat al-nūr in an ishārī method. The focal point of his comments is the idea of Wahdat al-Wujud. In this direction, The Risāla refers to many issues such as the rankings of existence in sūfi thought, Haḳīḳat al-Muḥammadiyya, Zāt al-Ilāhiyya, the manifestation on the universe with the names and attributes. In the study, the text of this treatise, which has a single manuscript, and its translation were included, and in order to determine its place in the tafsir tradition, a literature review was made for the interpretations of ʾāyat al-nūr.
Hayatı hakkında fazlaca bilgi sahibi olma imkânımızın bulunmadığı Amasyalı âlim Yegenzâde Mehmed b. Osman (ö. 1180/1766), tefsir tarihinin önemli müelliflerinden biri olan Kâdı Beyzâvî’ye (ö. 685/1286) ait Envâru’t-tenzîl’e kısmî bir hâşiye kaleme almıştır. Hâşiye ‘ala Envâri’t-Tenzîl adlı bu eser Yâ-sin sûresinden Kur’ân’ın sonuna kadarki kısmı kapsamaktadır. Tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla sadece Amasya İl Halk Kütüphanesinde iki nüshası bulunan bu eser hakkında bilgi veren Amasyalı Âkifzâde Abdurrahim (ö. 1763/1815), Yegenzâde’nin bu hâşiyesinin temize çekilmediğini kaydetmektedir. Sunulacak tebliğ çerçevesinde Yegenzâde’nin eğitim-öğretim hayatının hâsılası ve XVIII. Yüzyıl Amasya’sındaki tefsir öğretimi hakkında ipuçları sunacak bu hâşiye, dil, üslûp ve içerik bakımından incelemeye tabi tutulacaktır.
ABSTRACT: Hashiya is one of the Islamic writing types, in addition, it is writing type that refers to the characteristic of tradition occurred in the course of time in education of Islamic sciences. Hashiya like sharh and ta‘līk is one of the writing activity composed onto the main text. And it is criticized on ground of that is followed the main text and repeated the same content. But in another perspective, it can also evaluated as form that is participatory read of the main text. Thusly, this kind of writing have many examples disaffirm modern paradigm. Besides, this tradition have some hashiyas which get ahead of main text as well as works that represented the different intellectual trend -with its text and sharh and hashiya- in one book cover.
Amasian scholar Yegenzāde Mahmad b. Osman Amāsī (d. 1180/1766) who we cannot reach to much knowledge about his life, wrote partial hashiya onto Kādī Baidāwī’s (d. 685/1286) work named Anwār al-Tanzīl. Kādī Baidāwī is one of the significant author of The Qur’ān exegesis history. This work that is named Hashiya ‘alā Anwār al-Tanzīl involve the section from Surah Yā-sīn to the end of The Qur’ān. As far as we can determine, there are only two copies of this hashiya in the Amasya Provincial Public Library. In according to Amasian Ākifzāde Abdurrahīm (d. 1763/1815) who give us information about this hashiya, mentioned Yegezāde's hashiya didn’t be made a clean copy. In the framework of this paper, it is investigated that results of Yegezāde's education life in addition to this hashiya that gives us clues about teaching The Qur’ān exegesis in Amasia in the 18th century.
Bu makalede, sözü edilen üç Fâtihâ tefsirinden yola çıkılarak Câmî’nin varlık anlayışına yönelik açıklamaları ve atıfları konu edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, Molla Câmî hakkında bilgi veren kaynaklarda bahsi geçmeyen iki eserinin tanıtımı, tahkîki ve tercümesinin yanı sıra onun bu eserlerdeki varlıkla ilgili ifadelerinin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma neticesinde üç eserin de muhteva bakımından birbiriyle uyumlu olduğu, özellikle âyetlerin işârî yorumlarında vahdet-i vücûd paradigmasının baskın olduğu ve bu düşünce çerçevesinde varlığın farklı veçhelerine işâret eden birçok yorum ve kavramın bu tefsirlerde ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir.
ABSTRACT: ‘Abd al-Rahmān Jāmī, one of the important figures of the 15th century, has been closely followed, with his works and ideas, in many Islamic towns as well as Khurasan, Samarkand and Herat where he spent most of his life in its. The author, who left behind many works for different fields of expertise, has also written in the field of exegesis. There are three exegeses of al-Fātihah that are ascribed to Mulla Jāmī in Turkey’s libraries. The first of it is a part of the Tafsir Mulla Jāmī that completed until the 40th verse of Surat al-Baqara. There is no doubt about the belonging of this exegesis to Jāmī. The second of it is ascribed to the author in the two manuscripts and it is a one-page ishārī exegesis of al-Fātihah. This work that is recorded in the manuscripts as Tafsîr sūrat al-Fātihah, although it’s not mentioned in the sources, via its content and style, it can be seen belonging to the author. Another of these exegeses is ishārī exegesis which consists of a poem written in Persian. The name is included in the manuscripts as Tafsîr sūrat al-Fātihah ‘alā lisān ahl at-tarīka. This is also a work that is not mentioned in the sources like his previous work. At the end of the poem, however, Jāmī mentions his own name. Furthermore, it is observed that the content of this poem is corresponding with the other two works.
In this article, the explanations and references of Jāmī on the understanding of existence, are discussed with reference to the three exegeses of al-Fātihah. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to define the two works and to present the edition critics and translations. These works are not mentioned in the sources giving information about Mulla Jāmī. In addition to this, it is also aimed to determine the statements about his understanding of the existence in these works. As a result of the study, it is determined that all three works are compatible with each other in terms of content, especially the wahdat al-wujūd paradigm is dominant in the ishārī interpretations of the verses. And in the frame this idea, many interpretations and concepts which refer to different dimensions of existence, are handled in these works.
Taberî’yi tercih etmemizin sebebi;
Rivayet tefsirinin zirvesi olarak kabul edilmesi, tefsirinin; Hz.
Peygamberin, sahabenin, tabiinin ve kendisinden önceki tefsire
dair bütün görüşleri ihtiva eden ansiklopedik nitelikte olması, ri-
vayet ağırlıklı bir tefsir olması...
Zemahşerî’yi tercih etmemizin sebebi;
Tefsir alanında dil ve belağat yönü itibariyle otorite kabul edil-
mesi (Ümmü’t-Tefasir: tefsirlerin aslı/esası), kelamî konularda
mutezili yorumlara genişçe yer vermesi, yaşadığı dönemin aykırı
sesi olarak bilinmesi hasebiyle mutezili görüşlerinin ve benim-
sediği tefsir metodunun çeşitli çevreler tarafından çokça tenkide
tabi tutulmuş olması, dirayet ağırlıklı bir tefsir olması…
Râzî’yi tercih etmemizin sebebi;
Hem nakli hem de akli ilimler noktasında yetkin olması hasebiyle
tefsir alanında temayüz etmiş çok önemli bir müfessir olması, İs-
lami ilimlerin hemen her sahasında kaynak eserler yazmış olması,
tefsirinde Kur’an’a yönelik yapılan batıl görüşlere akli cevaplar
vererek bu görüşleri çürütmeye çalışması, ayetleri tefsir ederken
filozofların görüşlerine de sıkça yer vererek lugavî, felsefi ve
kelamî gibi meseleleri kendine has başlıklar altında derinlemesi-
ne incelemiş olması, dirayet ağırlıklı bir tefsir olması...
Bu çalışmamızda yukarıda ismi geçen dört müfessirle alakalı te-
mayüz ettikleri altışar konu tespit ettik. Genelde her bir konunun
yazarı alanında uzman, yurt içi ve yurt dışı olmak üzere on sekiz
farklı üniversiteden yirmi üç farklı akademisyen yer almaktadır.
Rabbimizin yardımıyla bu kitabımızda izlediğimiz yöntemi takip
ederek diğer müfessirler üzerinde de çalışmamızı sürdürmek isti-
yoruz. Hali hazırda çalışmamızın devamı niteliğinde olan ikinci
ve üçüncü kitapta yer alması gereken müfessirleri ve konuları be-
lirlemiş durumdayız. Çalışmamızda emeği geçen bütün hocaları-
mıza ve meslektaşlarımıza ayrı ayrı teşekkür ediyoruz.
Gayret bizden Tevfik Allah’tandır.