Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis

In the summer and autumn of 1942, the Wehrmacht advanced uncontrollably to the Don, the Volga and the Caucasus. When the jammed sixth army collapsed, the myth of the invincibility of the German army finally evaporated. It seemed that after the tragedy on the Volga river, another even greater catastrophe would follow in the Caucasus. In that case, the destiny of 1.5 million soldiers would be sealed, which would result in the total destruction of the German southern army wing. The war on the East would be over in a few months. The seemingly irresolvable situation was resolved by the Prussian strategist Erich von Manstein. With a series of brilliant tactical manoeuvres, he pulled out his army units from the Caucasus and started with two shocking counteroffensives in the Donetsk pool and the district of Kharkov and Belgorod, which resulted in stabilizing the front. The war initiative was passed to the German side again. The stage for Kursk was set.

REKA SOTLA KOT OKUPACIJSKA MEJA MED NEMŠKIM RAJHOM IN NDH: PRIMER OBČINE ROGAŠKA SLATINA

Članek na podlagi arhivskega gradiva, ustnih pričevanj in raziskav na terenu (LIDAR tehnologija) analizira že več stoletij mejno reko Sotlo, kjer je bila v obdobju nemške okupacije (1941–1945) vzpostavljena južna državna meja nemškega rajha ter okupacijska ločnica med NDH in nacistično Nemčijo. Meja na Sotli (tudi skrajni vzhodni mejni krak Spodnje Štajerske) je imela zaradi ključne strateške lege izjemen pomen. Nemška oblast jo je posledično močno utrdila, zagradila z ograjo in bodečo rezilno žico ter prepredla s smrtonosnimi minskimi polji. Postavljene fizične pregrade so iznenada prekinile človeške vezi in močno zarezale v vsakdan prebivalcev na obeh bregovih reke, zato je to predvsem zgodba o preživetju lokalnega človeka. 74 let po koncu druge svetovne vojne in odpravi ožičene Sotle se ob isti reki zopet nahaja žica, ki mimo zgodovinskega spomina razdvaja republiki Hrvaško in Slovenijo.
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SOTLA RIVER AS THE OCCUPATIONAL BORDER BETWEEN THE THIRD REICH AND THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA: THE CASE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF ROGAŠKA SLATINA

Drawing on archival materials, oral accounts and field research (LIDAR), the article analyses the Sotla River, which has for centuries served as a border, also forming the southern state border of the Third Reich during German occupation (1941–1945) and the occupational boundary between the Independent State of Croatia and the Nazi Germany. Owing to its key strategic position, the Sotla border (also the easternmost border section of Lower Styria) was of vital importance. Consequently, German authorities heavily reinforced it with a fence and razor wire, and by sowing it with minefields. Given that the erected physical barriers suddenly cut human ties and drove a deep wedge into the daily life on either bank of the river, this is primarily a story about the survival of local inhabitants. However, seventy-four years after the end of the Second World War and the removal of barbed-wire, the same river is again lined with the wire which, in defiance of historical memory, divides Croatia and Slovenia.

Magistrsko delo na podlagi doslej še neobjavljenih arhivskih virov, slikovnega gradiva, šolskih kronik, matičnih knjig, občutljive osebne dokumentacije žrtev okupatorjevega nasilja in ostalih zasebnih zbirk ter spominskih pričevanj še živečih prič in raziskav na terenu (LIDAR tehnologija in uporaba detektorja kovin) prvič celostno proučuje in analizira štiriletno nacistično okupacijo občine Rogaška Slatina, ki jo je okupator zaradi zdraviliškega in steklarskega pomena, velike namestitvene kapacitete ter lege ob nemško-hrvaški državni meji na reki Sotli spremenil v eno izmed ključnih postojank spodnještajerske zasedbene pokrajine in pomembno obmejno mesto tretjega rajha. Raziskava kaže, da je bila osnova raznarodovalnega terorja, ki ga je okupator v vsej svoji izkrivljeni obliki v Rogaški Slatini izvajal po njeni zasedbi, načrtovana že pred napadom, pri čemer je pomembno vlogo odigrala tudi izdajalska obveščevalna dejavnost pronacistične pete kolone in lokalne kulturbundovske sekcije. Okupacijska občina Rogaška Slatina pod vodstvom nemškega župana Herberta Migliča je bila pogostoma najpomembnejša enota celjskega političnega okrožja. Ključni širši pomen Rogaške Slatine in njenega obsotelskega zaledja je bil razviden tudi iz dejstva, da so bili v kraju sedeži raznarodovalnih organizacij in zvez ter  najpomembnejši vzvodi polvojaške in vojaške, policijske in upravne oblasti, v zadnji fazi vojne pa tudi razni vojaški in utrjevalni štabi, povezani z gradnjo protiinvazijskih fortifikacijskih sistemov in obrambnih preprek vzdolž razmejitvene Sotle. Navsezadnje je imel tudi ustaški vodja Ante Pavelić pri begu svoj zadnji sestanek ravno v zdravilišču, kjer je prvič izvedel za kapitulacijske namene njegove največje zaveznice. Okupacija Rogaške Slatine je bila tako silovita, da so njene posledice 74 let po koncu največje vojne morije v zgodovini človeštva na terenu še vedno vidne v obliki materialnih ostalin in sledi ter vojnih grobišč, hkrati pa se ohranjajo tudi v spominu peščice še živečih pričevalcev in žrtev nemškega nasilja. Ti so zadnji neposredni pomnik o trpljenju in nepopravljivih krivicah, ki služijo kot zgodovinski nauk prihodnjim generacijam.

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Drawing on previously unpublished archival sources, pictorial material, school chronicles, central registers, sensitive personal papers from victims of Nazi violence and other private collections, oral accounts and field research (LIDAR technology and use of metal detector), the masters thesis for the first time comprehensively studies and analyzes the four-year Nazi occupation of municipality Rogaška Slatina, which was for its health and glassmaking importance, large accommodation capacity and position along the German-Croatian state border on the Sotla River turned into one of the key outposts of the Lower Styrian occupation zone. The research shows that the basis of the denationalizing terror, of which in all its distorted form was carried out in Rogaška Slatina after its occupation, had been prepared before the attack where the significant role was also played out by treacherous intelligence activity of the pro-Nazi-oriented fifth column and local »Kulturbund« section. The occupation municipality under the leadership of German mayor Herbert Miglic was often the most important unit of the Celje political district. The key wider significance of Rogaška Slatina and its Sotla hinterland was also evident from the fact that the seats of denationalize organizations and associations and the most important levers of the half-military and military, police and administrative offices as well as various fortification staffs connected by building anti-invasion fortification systems and defence barriers along the demarcation Sotla at the end of the War were installed here. The occupation of Rogaška Slatina was so brutal that its consequences 74 years after the end of the greatest war in the history of mankind are still visible through material remains, traces and covert war graves, and are preserved in the tragic memory of a handful of living witnesses and victims of German violence. Those are the last direct monuments of suffering and irreparable injustices that serve as a historical lesson for future generations.

Članek na podlagi arhivskih virov, ustnih pričevanj, slikovnega gradiva in dokumentacije iz zasebnih zbirk analizira raznarodovalni program nemškega okupatorja v obdobju štiriletne okupacije zdravilišča Rogaška Slatina. Glavni cilj nacistov je bila čim hitrejša vpeljava raznarodovalne in germanizatorske politike, ki so jo na Spodnjem Štajerskem izvajali Štajerska domovinska zveza, tajna državna policija, orožništvo in še nekateri drugi organi. Zlasti leti 1941 in 1942 sta v zdravilišču minili v znamenju aretacij, mučenj, nasilnih preiskav in zaplemb premoženja, izgonov ter internacij v nemška koncentracijska taborišča in okrožne ali okrajne zapore, kjer so bile slatinske žrtve usmrčene. Preostale prebivalce so politično, narodnostno, rasno in dednozdravstveno temeljito pregledali, jim na podlagi ocen dodelili legitimacije in jih skozi vrtce, šole ter s prirejanjem jezikovnih tečajev in političnih zborovanj podvrgli brezkompromisnemu ponemčevanju.

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DENATIONALIZING AND GERMANIZING NAZI POLICY IN OCCUPIED ROGAŠKA SLATINA (1941–1945): Drawing on archival sources, oral testimonies, pictorial material and documentation from private collections, the article analyses Nazi denationalization politics in the period of four-year occupation of health-spa resort Rogaška Slatina. The main objective of Nazis was a quick implementation of denationalization and Germanization policy, which was in the land of Lower Styria implemented mostly by Styria Homeland Association, Secret State Police, Gendarmerie and some other agencies. In the health-spa resort, both 1941 and 1942 have passed in a sign of arrests, torment, violent house searches and confiscations of property, expulsions and internments into Nazi concentration camps, district and regional prisons, where the victims from Rogaška Slatina waited for their final execution. Others have gone through thorough political, ethnic, genetic and racial examination, and depending on their grades, they were given legitimations. Through kindergartens, schools, language courses and political rallies they were subducted to uncompromising Germanization.

Pri založbi Alma Mater Europaea – Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis (AMEU – ISH) je v novembru izšla prva znanstvena monografija o nacistični okupaciji zdravilišča Rogaška Slatina v vojnih letih 1941–1945. Avtor izvirne študije je asist. Daniel Siter, mladi raziskovalec in doktorand na Fakulteti za humanistični študij, sicer zgodovinar in domačin iz Rogaške Slatine. Avtor poudarja, da se za letnico izida skriva tudi nekaj simbolike – letos smo namreč med vsemi markantnimi zgodovinskimi obletnicami, povezanimi z drugo svetovno vojno, obeležili še 80 let od vdora nemške vojske v Rogaško Slatino in začetka štiriletne okupacijske uprave. 11. aprila 1941 je namreč nacistična svastika s kljukastim križem prvič zaplapolala z Zdraviliškega doma – današnjega Grand Hotela Rogaška s Kristalno dvorano, kar je bilo zaradi izjemne nazornosti in vpadljivosti izbrano za vizualno upodobitev na naslovnici monografije.

Članek na podlagi znanstvene literature in primarnih virov analizira delovanje Švabsko-nemške kulturne zveze v slovenskem prostoru kot ene ključnih petokolonaških formacij. Zlasti z vzponom Hitlerja in nacizma na oblast se je Kulturbund močno radikaliziral in nacificiral. Kulturbundovci so na Slovenskem že več let pred napadom na Poljsko in Jugoslavijo širili nacistično propagando in demagogijo, lepili nacistične simbole in zastave ter zbirali tajne in občutljive podatke o državi in protinemško usmerjenih osebah. Tako so že med svetovnima vojnama pripravili sezname domnevno sumljivih in nevarnih ljudi, predvidenih za aretacijo in izselitev, po katerih se je okupator ravnal po vzpostavitvi oblasti. To priča o tem, da so bile številne tragične usode narodno zavednih slovenskih družin zapečatene že pred letom 1941 v Gradcu in drugih zbirnih obveščevalnih centrih. Ob invaziji so kulturbundovci postali vodniki, inštruktorji in prevajalci nemške vojske, kasneje pa so prevzeli pomembne funkcije v nacističnih društvih, organizacijah, zvezah, uradih ter paravojaških silah in celo enotah SS.

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Drawing on scientific literature and primary sources, the article analyses the activity of the Swabian-German Cultural Association on Slovenian soil as one of the key formations of the fifth column. The Kulturbund became radicalized and Nazified, especially after Hitler and Nazism rose to power. Long before the war, members of the Kulturbund spread Nazi propaganda and demagoguery throughout Slovenian territory, pasted Nazi symbols and flags, collected classified and sensitive information on the country and those who acted against the Germans and Germany. Based on that, lists of allegedly suspicious and dangerous persons to be arrested and evicted were already drawn up in the prewar period. After establishing administration, the occupier followed these arrest lists, which testify that many tragic fates of nationally conscious Slovenian families were sealed long before 1941 in Graz and other assembly intelligence centres. When the invasion began, the Kulturbund members became guides, instructors, and translators to the German army. Later on, they assumed essential positions in Nazi societies, organizations, associations, offices, paramilitary forces, and even SS units.

Rogaška Slatina Under the Swastika: Spa Resort During the Occupation of 1941–1945 / The Second (Supplemented and Expanded) Edition.

This monograph, drawing on previously unexamined and unpublished archival sources, school chronicles, central registers, valuable private collections, sensitive personal papers belonging to victims of Nazi violence and their surviving descendants, pictorial material (more than 180 pictures), oral testimonies of surviving witnesses, and field research (LIDAR technology), represents the first in-depth, systematic, comprehensive and rounded historiographical analysis of a hitherto unresearched area: the occupied municipality of Rogaška Slatina and its Sotla hinterland during the four-year Nazi occupation (1941–1945). Due to its prominence as a spa resort and producer of premium crystal glass, its large and undamaged hotel and other accommodation capacities, the camp for German children from bombed or endangered urban areas of the German Reich, the military training camp of the Hitler Youth for the pre-military training and Nazi world-view indoctrination of children and youth, the headquarters of denationalising organisations and associations, the administrative apparatus, the special SA-Gruppe Südmark command school for military-political training and ideological education of the Wehrmannschaft command cadre, levers of the paramilitary and military, police, Gestapo, customs, and administrative authorities, the command headquarters, the construction and fortification headquarters (connected with the construction of the anti-invasion fortification systems and defence barriers along the Sotla demarcation line), the penal labour camp and its position along the German-Croatian state border on the river Sotla, the occupier transformed Rogaška Slatina into one of the key Lower Styrian outposts and an important border city of the Third Reich with a strong protective role. The research shows that the denationalising terror, which the occupying forces carried out in all its distorted forms at the spa resort after its occupation, had been planned long before the attack. Here, a significant role was played by the subversive pre-war activity of the pro-Nazi-oriented ‘fifth column’ and the local section of the Swabian-German cultural association (‘Kulturbund’) in Rogaška Slatina.
The broader region of Rogaška Slatina with Obsotelje found itself invaded by the 51st German Army Corps or the 132nd Infantry Division, which penetrated to the river Sotla border and occupied the spa resort on April 11, 1941. Before the arrival of the division and the occupation, a group of German bombers appeared in the sky on April 9, 1941 (based on intelligence reports by the local members of the ‘Kulturbund’ and German renegades regarding the escape of the staff of the Drava Divisional Command from Maribor to Slatinski dom) to drop bombs on smaller targets. The occupied municipality of Rogaška Slatina, under the leadership of the Volksdeutscher (Yugoslav German) and criminal Herbert Miglič, who until May 1945 held the positions of German mayor (‘Amtsbürgermeister’) and leader (‘Ortsgruppenführer’) of the local group of the Styria Homeland Association at the spa resort, was often the most important unit of the Celje political district and even one of the key municipalities in Lower Styria. With the introduction of illegal compulsory military and labour service at the end of March 1942, the area of Rogaška Slatina provided the German mobilisation authorities with slightly more than 1,000 military and labour conscripts, of which a bit less than 600 inhabitants were conscripted into the Reichsarbeitsdienst and the occupier’s armed forces. After 1943, in addition to a police hospital for high-ranking officers of the German army (mostly suffering from wounds and injuries sustained on the front lines), a children’s camp (KLV or ‘Kinderlandverschickungs-Lager’) was also established for endangered children from the urban areas of the German Reich, who, due to their key strategic location, lack of adequate bomb shelters, the operation of military industry and other economic installations, were increasingly subjected to devastating Allied bombing.
Between January and February 1945, the destructive maelstrom of war once again reached Rogaška Slatina, which was repeatedly bombed at the beginning of 1945. The Ustasha leader Ante Pavelić, fleeing from Zagreb, held his last meeting at one of the spa resort hotels (at the end of the war, the city formed a major exit corridor for fleeing Ustashe, Germans, and associated collaborating units), where he learned about the German intentions to capitulate. Although the largest armed conflict in the history of mankind in Europe formally ended in the first half of May 1945, the surviving remnants of the German collaborationist units continued fighting in the forests surrounding Rogaška Slatina for several weeks after the official capitulation of Nazi Germany. The occupation of Rogaška Slatina was so brutal that even 78 years after the deadly war butchery ended, its consequences are still visible in the field through material war remains, traces and covert (post)war graves. They are also preserved in the tragic memory of a handful of living witnesses and victims of German violence. These people are the last direct monument of suffering and irreparable injustices that serve as a historical lesson for future generations.

Drawing on archival sources, journalism and other periodicals, private collections, oral testimonies, and primary literature, the author analyses and presents the marked life stories of three revolutionary women: Pepca Kardelj, Zdenka Kidrič, and Andreana Družina. The selected profiles operated at different positions and assumed military, political, and social functions at different levels of the partisan resistance and the struggle for liberation from the occupier's rule, during the initial formation and subsequent ambitious expansion of the national liberation movement in the occupied Slovene space. After the end of the war, they were rewarded for their efforts with high-profile honors, prizes, credits, and social and political privileges. What they all have in common is the fact that, at the most critical moment in Slovenian national history, they chose to operate underground, from where they resisted the foreign invader with great effort and to the best of their abilities. This article aims to identify, in a comparative context, the similarities, and differences in their personalities, life experiences, events, incidents, and important decisions and actions in the pre-war and war period (1941-1945) in Slovenia, which influenced the overall shaping of their life paths or stories, filled with a great deal of individual sacrifice and suffering.

Drawing on primary archival sources, official newspapers of occupying forces, pictorial material, oral testimonies, memoirs, and other literature, the author under the scope of microstudy is focusing on a specific topic from local history, in which he is researching and presenting the everyday life of inhabitants of health-spa resort Rogaška Slatina in the period of Nazi occupation (1941-1945). The German Army occupied Rogaška Slatina on April 11, 1941, followed by the process of the occupier's overtaking of municipality administration and complex establishment of a local civil administration, the gradual formation of a repressive government apparatus with the establishment of authorities, denationalization organizations, and associations, and policy levers. The author does not want to give a comprehensive historiographical analysis of the Lower Styrian health resort's four-year German occupation but instead focuses on selected and most representative aspects of the enslaved inhabitants' daily lives under Nazi rule. During World War II, the residents of Rogaška Slatina, like other inhabitants of Nazi Germany-occupied Slovenia, were subjected to a thorough racial and political examination and denationalization and Germanization measures. They were living under the strict "closing-hour" rule and curfew. At the beginning and in the final phase of the war, they were witnesses (and victims) of air bombings. The limited supply of food and life necessities was strictly controlled and maintained through ration cards. Life in the time of war was somehow made easier for the inhabitants with the help of some privileges that many German-occupied towns could not boast of: a spa bath, natural thermal and drinkable mineral water, cinema, and orchestral music in a pavilion in the middle of the spa park, from where echoed the rhythms of Viennese musical classics.

V Mednarodnem raziskovalnem centru druge svetovne vojne Maribor (v medinstitucionalnem znanstvenoraziskovalnem, razvojnem in izobraževalnem partnerskem sodelovanju z mednarodno univerzo Alma Mater Europaea in njeno fakulteto ISH) smo plodovito leto 2022 zaključili z izvirno in odmevno zgodovinsko razstavo o nacističnem ujetniškem taborišču za vojne ujetnike (Stalag XVIII D/306) in njegovi vodilni komandaturi z glavnim naslovom "Iztrgati pozabi."

Grafično, arhitekturno, vsebinsko, slikovno in po izvirnosti raziskovalnih ugotovitev gre za prvo tovrstno razstavo v slovenskem prostoru. Razstava/-e in druge aktivnosti temeljijo na lanskoletnem arhivskem in drugem raziskovalnem delu v slovenskih in tujih arhivskih in muzejskih institucijah (izpostavi Bundesarchiva v Freiburgu in Ludwigsburgu, Gradec, München, AMNOM, PAM, manjši nemški občinski arhivi/krajevni uradi ter drugi primarni viri).

Vojni ujetniki, še posebej tisti iz napadene Sovjetske zveze po juniju 1941, predstavljajo velik delež žrtev druge svetovne vojne, a jim je v slovenskem akademskem prostoru doslej le redkokdo namenjal zadovoljivo mero znanstvenoraziskovalne in publicistične pozornosti ter tozadevne izobraževalne aktivnosti in splošnih zaslug. Pomenskost naslova je zato premišljeno zastavljena. Zelo pomembno je dajati in poudarjati zgodovinski nauk, ohranjati zgodovinski spomin in večno opominjati pred ponovitvami takšnih zločinov. Ko bomo namreč enkrat dovolili, da tovrstni zločini in grozodejstva postanejo zgolj meglica, ki bo sčasoma zapustila naš kolektivni spomin in prešla v trajno pozabo, potem bomo na skupni ravni človeštva moralno pogrnili na celi črti.

9 razstavnih panojev z dodatnimi pripadajočimi povečavami fotografij na ceradah, tekstilu in tapetah ter poudarjenimi pričevalnimi izseki na temeljih novih raziskovalnih ugotovitev ter odkritih arhivskih in drugih dokumentov daje v slovenskem prostoru prvič doslej celostni uvid v poveljstvo taborišča in njegove zločince, uničevalno delovanje taborišča, statistiko vojnih ujetnikov in ravnanje z njimi, vsakodnevno življenje, solidarnost očividcev ter grozljivost umiranja in pokopov.

Avtorja: Daniel Siter (vsebina + raziskava) in Mojca Turk (celostna podoba in grafično-arhitekturna postavitev). 

Ogled je možen ob predhodni najavi na: [email protected] & [email protected].

Drawing on archival sources, pictorial material, oral accounts, and scientific literature we will analyze the practice and different aspects of population expulsions by Nazis in the occupied border region of Obsotelje in Lower Styria. During World War II the Nazis were planning to expulse and deport between 220.000 to 260.000 Slovenes. Obsotelje was mainly under the scheme of the third expulsion wave, in which around 10.000–12.000 people were planned to be forcefully expulsed with property confiscation. Through the lecture, we will see border region of Obsotelje had, at least in the beginning phase of occupation, different ways of deportations in comparison with the inland.

12. decembra 2023 se je v prostorih Mednarodnega raziskovalnega centra druge svetovne vojne Maribor (MRC Maribor) ob sodelovanju z Alma Mater Europaea - Fakulteto za humanistični študij (AMEU - ISH) in Sinagoga Maribor odvila znanstvena konferenca o prihodu, osvobajanju in prisotnosti Rdeče armade v Prekmurju (ter aktualnem stanju tozadevnih raziskav) z daljnosežnimi implikacijami. Prezrte niso bile niti posamezne osebne življenjske zgodbe.

Konferenco je vodil Daniel Siter (asistent, raziskovalec in doktorand) na Alma Mater Europaea - Fakulteti za humanistični študij in MRC Maribor.

Znanstveno srečanje je potekalo kot del priprav na prihajajočo 80. obletnico osvoboditve Prekmurja – edinega od Rdeče armade osvobojenega slovenskega ozemlja, ki v času osvobajanja predstavlja eno največjih (če ne največjo) vojaških operacij druge svetovne vojne na slovenskih tleh. Slovensko zgodovinopisje nam o Prekmurju v času druge svetovne vojne razkriva, da gre za prostor s precejšnjo specifiko ter posebnimi karakteristikami, situacijami in okoliščinami, ki niso bile prisotne v nekaterih drugih slovenskih pokrajinah pod zasedbeno oblastjo okupatorjev. Prekmurje je bilo v letih 1941–1945 najprej pod nemško, nato madžarsko in končno še pod skupno madžarsko in nemško okupacijo. Je edino slovensko ozemlje, ki ga je osvobodila izključno Rdeča armada in ne partizanske narodnoosvobodilne enote, kakor je bilo to značilno za preostanek Slovenije. Skorajda ves čas vojne je bilo najbolj oddaljeno slovensko območje od središča slovenskega narodnoosvobodilnega gibanja. Samo ena formacija, tj. Prekmurska četa, je obstajala v tem prostoru pred osvoboditvijo Prekmurja.

S pomočjo tehtnega in poglobljenega vpogleda v arhivske dokumente, časopisne vire in ostale medije, osebna spominska pričevanja in druge primarne vire, spomeniška obeležja ter referenčno literaturo so nastopajoči govorniki predstavili prihod, osvobajanje in prisotnost Rdeče armade v Prekmurju z daljnosežnimi implikacijami. Prezrte niso bile niti posamezne osebne življenjske zgodbe.

Dogodek, ki se je odvil v prostorih nekdanjega nacističnega ujetniškega taborišča Stalag XVIII D (danes MRC Maribor) so organizirali MRC Maribor, Alma Mater Europaea – ISH in Sinagoga Maribor.

Nastopajoči:
- izr. prof. dr. Darja Kerec
- Boris Hajdinjak
- Daniel Siter
- Darjan Lorenčič
- doc. dr. Katarina Mohar
- Metka Fujs

Medijski odzivi, objave in poročanja:

1. https://maribor24.si/lokalno/najmanj-kar-lahko-storimo-za-zrtve-vojne-je-spomin-na-njih
2. https://vecer.com/maribor/aktualno/foto-in-video-slovenski-zgodovinarji-v-stalagu-o-prihodu-rdece-armade-v-prekmurje-10346005
3. https://net-tv.si/znanstvena-konferenca-rdeca-armada-v-prekmurju/?fbclid=IwAR0mEsxCfEkrBIeyt713hIKyB_T3XWIFsfOb1gDRlgIkjCq8fZC4jsDQ7gY
4. https://www.almamater.si/daniel-siter-prekmurje-je-edino-slovensko-ozemlje-ki-ga-je-osvobodila-izkljucno-rdeca-armada-n1299

Posnetek konference si lahko ogledate tudi na: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWi0Gl4WOI8

Iz Hitlerjevega najjužneje ležečega ujetniškega taborišča Stalag XVIII D v zasedenem Mariboru in njemu organizacijsko pripadajočih manjših delovnih taborišč na okupiranem slovenskem ozemlju so med vojno pobegnile večje in manjše skupine vojnih ujetnikov. Največja skupina, ki je kadarkoli pobegnila iz nadzorovanega ustroja Stalaga XVIII D in velja za eno največjih (ali celo morda največjo) pobeglih formacij iz nacističnih taborišč za vojne ujetnike v okupirani Evropi, pripada pobegu, ki se je zgodil 31. avgusta 1944 pod vodstvom Avstralca Ralpha F. Churchesa in Angleža Lesa Lawsa. Zaradi vzdevka avstralskega organizatorja (»Vran«) se je v povojnem zgodovinopisju in v širši javnosti ta dogodek zapisal kot »Vranov let«. Slednji predstavlja osvoboditev in pobeg – sprva med 80 in 90, kasneje več kot 100 – britanskih, avstralskih, novozelandskih in francoskih ujetnikov in letalcev iz Stalagu XVIII D pripadajočega delovišča v Ožbaltu. Požrtvovalna epopeja se je zatem nadaljevala na več kot 270 km dolgem težavnem pohodu čez Pohorje v Savinjsko dolino in v zadnji fazi do Otoka pri Metliki v Beli krajini. Od tod so jih britanski piloti 18. septembra 1944 z letali Dacota DC-3 varno prepeljali v zavezniško bazo Bari v južni Italiji. Pri pobegu, prečkanju in premagovanju poti čez okupirano slovensko ozemlje do partizanskega letališča pri Otoku so jim s spremstvom in drugimi oblikami nesebične pomoči pomagali slovenski partizani, kurirji in zavedno slovensko (pretežno kmečko) prebivalstvo. Ta izjemna zgodba druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem zato pooseblja večje dimenzije, presega meje lokalnega in zrcali edinstvenost dogodka v zgodovini druge svetovne vojne v Evropi. Po vojni je Churches izdal spomine »A Hundred Miles as the Crow Flies« (Vranov let v svobodo), v katerih je opisal zgodbo pobega, britanska produkcijska hiša Seadog Company pa je za Channel 4 posnela zgodovinski dokumentarni film »The Crow’s Flight« (Vranov let). Avtor bo s pričujočim konferenčnim prispevkom v simboličnem sklopu jubilejnih osemdeset let od tega slavnega ter za države in narode še danes združujočega dogodka sistematično predstavil in povezal obstoječe vedenje o tozadevni tematiki ter ga dopolnil in nadgradil z izbranimi arhivskimi viri (zlasti iz The National Archives London), avdiovizualnim gradivom, memoari, objavljenimi intervjuji in obstoječo znanstveno literaturo. Predstavljena bo organizacija, priprava in izpeljava pobega ter vloga, pomoč in sodelovanje civilnega prebivalstva in partizanov pri pobegu. Ob koncu bo avtor spregovoril o zgodovinskem pomenu jubileja s preslikavo na današnji čas.

Ključne besede: Stalag XVIII D, Vranov let, Ralph Churches, Les Laws, Ožbalt, Otok, pobeg, partizani

Drawing on archival sources, memoirs, oral testimonies, and scholarly literature, the author focuses on the subversive activity of the Kulturbund in the chosen geographical triangle in the eastern part of the Drava Banovina. The purpose of the chapter is to analyse and present its operation and the subversive role of Kulturbund members, pre-war confidants, and spy informants in the Styrian environment between Slovenska Bistrica, Poljčane, Rogatec, Rogaška Slatina, Kostrivnica, and Šmarje pri Jelšah. The primary focus of the historiographical research is the period from 1938 until the German invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941, without excluding the (wartime) and post-war events. Through their anti-Slovene intelligence, espionage, surveillance, betrayal, and denunciation activities, as well as spreading Nazi demagoguery and propaganda, two local operating Kulturbund sections in the analysed area were a crucial element for the Nazi state before the invasion in implementing denationalisation, Germanization, and genocidal policies in the later stages with more effective establishment of the occupation administration and repressive organs. In addition to the illustrating content, sensitive documentation is revealed and published secret original reports of both local Kulturbund cells on the situation of the country, with lists of employed locals in the most important sectors of society and lists of anti-German or anti-Nazi-oriented Slovenians. With such lists, the Kulturbund members in the examined triangle and elsewhere tragically sealed the fates of many nationally conscious and educated Slovenians even before the first shot of the Second World War was fired.

Izdala Univerza v Ljubljani, Teološka fakulteta Katedra za filozofijo Lektoriranje ţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţţ 107 2. Sočutje pri srednjeveških krščanskih filozofih in mistikih Zahoda 107 a) Krščanski odgovor na stoiško pojmovanje sočutja/usmiljenja: Laktancij in Avguštin 113 b) Usmiljenje in dobra dela: Ciprijan iz Kartagine in Cezarij iz Arlesa 116 c) Usmiljenje in sočutje pri Tomažu Akvinskem 120 č) Utemeljitev sočutja pri Mojstru Eckhartu in Johannesu Taulerju; Kristusovo sočutje pri Julijani iz Norwicha 129 3. Sočutje pri buddhističnih filozofih in mistikih hďnayăne in mahăyăne 129 a) Sočutje v filozofiji hďnayăne -Buddhagho™a: Visuddhimagga IX 136 b) Sočutje pri buddhističnih filozofih šole mădhyamikaprăsałgika v Indiji: Candrakďrti in Śăntideva 143 c) Sočutje pri buddhističnih filozofih šole mădhyamika-prăsałgika v Tibetu: Dzong-ka-ba in Jay-dzun-ba 149 III. del: Schopenhauerjeva filozofija in etika sočutja 151 1. Schopenhauer in Indija: hermenevtično-zgodovinski oris odnosa 160 2. Schopenhauerjeva filozofija na poti k soteriološki etiki 160 a) Konstitucija sveta: svet kot moja predstava 164 b) Svet kot volja: objektivacije volje 168 c) Spoznanje idej: metafizika lepega 170 3. Trpljenje in pot k etiki: IV. del Sveta kot volje in predstave I 170 a) Pot v etiko: trpljenje, pravičnost in vest 178 b) Večna pravičnost in predstopnje zanikanja volje: prostovoljna pravičnost, ljubezen/človekoljubje, sočutje 185 c) Od kreposti k askezi: zanikanje volje do življenja in odrešitev 188 č) Svoboda in milost 194 Dodatek: Sočutje in solidarnost 204 Summary 211 Slovstvo

Poligrafi is published with the support of the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia. CIP -Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 113/119(082)(0.034.2) BODILY proximity [Elektronski vir] / edited by Sigrid Hackenberg y Almansa and Lenart Škof. -El. knjiga. -Ljubljana : Inštitut Nove revije, zavod za humanistiko, 2012. -(Poligrafi, ISSN 2232-5174 ; letn. 17 (2012), št. 65-66) Način dostopa (URL): http://www.poligrafi.si/ ISBN 978-961-6580-98-4 1. Hackenberg, Sigrid, 1960-261053184 numb e r 67-6 8 • volume 17, 2012 b o d i l y p r o x i m i t y bracha l. Ettinger: Choice for a virtual exhibition III: Paintings, drawings, notebooks 1987-2011 5 bracha l. Ettinger: Diotime et le transfert matrixiel: l'événementrencontre psychanalytique comme prégnance dans le beau (2007) 57 Gina rae Foster: The dissonant resonance of becomings: copoiesis and (non-)pulsed time in musical proximities