Papers by Dr-Malik Al Saedi
In this paper, new steganographic systems employing least significant bit technique and wavelet t... more In this paper, new steganographic systems employing least significant bit technique and wavelet transform for embedding are proposed. These systems incorporate threshold level technique to enhance the performance of embedding scheme. Further, Forward error correcting code is used to improve the system performance. In the proposed system, the cover image is a gray image and the wavelet transform is applied directly. The secret image is coded using Reed Solomon code for preparing to embedding process. The locations of embedding are randomly selected according to pseudorandom number sequence. The combination between the ciphering process and steganography gives the system high level of security. This idea makes unauthorized retrieval is difficult. The simulation results show that the stego image is visually similar to the original one and does not have any suspension about embedded image. The extracted secret image is similar to the original secret image. The results indicate that using one-level Haar wavelet transform increases the capacity of the secret image that can be embedded. Hence, the steganographic goals are achieved in these systems. The proposed systems are simulated using MATLAB® software package.
— Metal detection is a physical system that can be used in a military and security to detect meta... more — Metal detection is a physical system that can be used in a military and security to detect metals spatially concealed weapons and un authorized devices. An ultrasonic sensor is used for the detection. The speed of reflected ultrasonic waves from different types of objects is measured. The materials that been used are paper, plastic and metal key as an experimental objects. The distance between the sensor and the object 10 cm we conduct the experiment. The proposed system is an automatic system that works all together when a person comes near to the ultrasonic waves detects the person along 3 meter away and then the IP camera is turned on automatically to capture a video to the suspect. Once the person walk; through the gate that contains the electromagnetic coil and that person holds a metal object a LED is turned on in the main monitoring room and the video that been captured by the camera is sent to the main monitoring room computer and the suspect will be known to the security policemen, in case the person who walk through the gate dosen't hold a metal object the video that been captured by the camera is automatically deleted and the LED in the main monitoring room stays off. In the additional experimental work we tested the speed of reflected waves off of different types of objects including paper, plastic and metal key to see the difference in speed Index Terms— Minimum 7 keywords are mandatory, Keywords should closely reflect the topic and should optimally characterize the paper. Use about four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. —————————— ——————————
In partial discharge (PD) phenomenon energy is emitted as electromagnetic emission, acoustic emis... more In partial discharge (PD) phenomenon energy is emitted as electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission
and chemical reactions as ozone formation and nitrous oxide gases. One of the continuous conditions
monitoring process is done in high voltage equipments such as power transformer. This paper deals with a
short review on PD detection methods regarding high-voltage equipments such as electrical detection,
chemical detection, acoustic detection and optical detection. Also, new technique for PD signal
monitoring in power transformer call as chromatic in the present. The chromatic approach shows the
ability to quantifying information content of PD signal by chromatic parameters hue (H), saturation (S)
and lightness (L), which can be related to characteristics of PD signal. The chromatic approach shows the
ability to yielding new patterns, which monitoring indications of the discharges signals with high accurac
and without noise.
The Electrical discharge (ED)phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early d... more The Electrical discharge (ED)phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques are used for ED detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this study, partial discharge signal has been captured by the three techniques using fiber optic sensor (FOS), Piezoelectric Sensor (PZT), leakage current(LC) techniques. In these experiments, FOS shows good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage > 5 kV. The sensitivity and noise level of ED signal was different in these two experiments. The location of a ED was demonstrated in a 500 gallon water tank using convolution method.
... more
!
"
#
$%%&'
!
"
#
$%%&'
(
+LVWRULFDOO\WKHDUFGLVFKDUJHDQDO\]LQJWHFKQLTXHZDVRQHRIWKHILUVWPHWKRGV
WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VWDWXV RI WKH LQVXODWLRQ RLO 'XH WR WKH KDUVK HQYLURQPHQW DQG WKH
FRQWLQXH XVDJH RI WKH KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHUV PDQ\ SUREOHPV RI LQVXODWLRQ FDQ EH
SURGXFHGOHDGLQJWRWKHIDLOXUHRIWKHWUDQVIRUPHU7KHSUREOHPRIWKHWKHVLVLVWRILQG
WKHEHVWDYDLODEOHVROXWLRQWRFRQGXFWUHDOWLPHDQDO\]LQJRILQVXODWLRQRLORIKLJKYROWDJH
WUDQVIRUPHUVVRWKDWWKHKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUFDQEHVDIHJXDUGHGIURPIDLOXUHLQWKH
PRVWHIIHFWLYHDQGHFRQRPLFPDQQHU,QWKLVZRUNWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHLQVXODWLRQRLO
ZLOO EH FDSWXUHG DQG FDOFXODWHG ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW SDUWLDO GLVFKDUJH RFFXUULQJ 7KH
VLPXODWHGDUFGLVFKDUJHLVJHQHUDWHGXVLQJN9SRZHUVRXUFHLQWZRURXQGVKDSHVWHHO
HOHFWURGHV KDYLQJ PP JDS 7KLV GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH VHQVRU DQG DUF GLVFKDUJH
VRXUFH LV VHW DW FP 7KHLQIUDUHGWKHUPRPHWHU ODVHU JXQ ZDV XVHGWR FDSWXUHWKH
LQVXODWLRQRLOWHPSHUDWXUHE\VHQGLQJDODVHUOLJKWWRZDUGWKHLQVXODWLRQRLODQGWKDWOLJKW
ZLOOEHUHIOHFWHGEHFNDQGUHFHLYHGE\WKHGHYLFHDQGWKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHRLOZLOO
EHFDSWXUHGDQGPHDVXUHG7KLVVWXG\ZLOOKHOSWRSUHGLFWWKHLQVXODWLRQRLODJHRIKLJK
YROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUVZKLFKUHGXFHWKHPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWRIKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHU
We report a novel design method for determining the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID... more We report a novel design method for determining the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID)
controller parameters of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system, using a combined genetic algorithm (GA), radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) and Sugeno fuzzy logic approaches. GA and a
RBF-NN with a Sugeno fuzzy logic are proposed to design a PID controller for an AVR system (GNFPID).
The problem for obtaining the optimal AVR and PID controller parameters is formulated as an optimization problem and RBF-NN tuned by GA is applied to solve the optimization problem. Whereas, optimal
PID gains obtained by the proposed RBF tuning by genetic algorithm for various operating conditions
are used to develop the rule base of the Sugeno fuzzy system and design fuzzy PID controller of the
AVR system to improve the system’s response (∼0.005 s). The proposed approach has superior features,
including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic, good computational efficiency and
this algorithm effectively searches for a high-quality solution and improve the transient response of the
AVR system (7E−06). Numerical simulation results demonstrate that this is faster and has much less
computational cost as compared with the real-code genetic algorithm (RGA) and Sugeno fuzzy logic. The
proposed method is indeed more efficient and robust in improving the step response of an AVR system.
Now a days the use of Condition Monitoring of electrical machines are increasing due to its poten... more Now a days the use of Condition Monitoring of electrical machines are increasing due to its potential to reduce
operating costs, enhance the reliability of operation and improve service to customers. Different alternatives to detect and
diagnose faults in induction machines have been proposed and implemented in the last years. These new alternatives are
characterized by an on-line and non-invasive feature, that is to say, the capacity to detect faults while the machine is working and
the capacity to work sensor less. These characteristics, obtained by the new techniques, distinguish them from the traditional ones,
which, in most cases, need that the machine which is being analyzed is not working to do the diagnosis. The main purpose of this
article is to revise the main alternatives in the detection of faults in induction machines and compare their contributions according
to the information they require for the diagnosis, the number and relevance of the faults that can be detected, the speed to
anticipate a fault and the accuracy in the diagnosis. and to identify various such diagnosis techniques that can be applied for
automatic condition monitoring of induction motors and can be extended easily to other electrical machines also.
The search for determining accurate faults and assessing the oil quality of high voltage electric... more The search for determining accurate faults and assessing the oil quality of high voltage electrical power transformers for
life-long maintenance is ever-demanding. The durability of transformers function is significantly decided by the
excellence of its insulation which deteriorates over time due to temperature fluctuations and moisture contents. The
accurate diagnoses of faults in early stages and the efficient assessment of oil quality using an intelligent program is the
key challenges in protecting transformers from potential failures occur during operation to avoid economic losses. The
dissolved gases analysis in oil is a reliable method in the diagnosis of faults and assessing the quality of insulating oil in
transformers. Recently, application of artificial intelligence (AI) has included fuzzy logic, expert system (EPS), and
artificial neural network (ANN), Expert system and fuzzy logic can take DGA standards. This paper represents the
review most of the methods used to diagnose faults and assessment of insulating oil for transformers through the
dissolved gases analysis DGA.
The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and
its early de... more The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and
its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques
are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the
subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this experimental, multimode fiber
(MMF) was placed in oil tank. The PD induced acoustic emission (AE) inside the insulation oil.
PD signal has been captured by using step-index multimode of fiber optic sensor (FOS). The
results shows FOS has good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage 10 kV.
Transformers have traditionally used mineral oil for cooling and insulation .The better compound... more Transformers have traditionally used mineral oil for cooling and insulation .The better compound
material has to produce with good electrical and chemical characteristics. However, recent
evidence has shown the deficiencies with these fluids where they have low properties especially
flash and fire point and most importantly low dielectric breakdown voltage. The most serious of
these shortcomings is the inability to meet up with the health and environmental laws. Besides,
they are not organic and hence not biodegradable. In this paper, natural palm oil and its derivatives
have been studied in attempt to find an environmental friendly insulating fluid. Samples such as
crude and refined palm oils were electrically and chemically tested and comparisons were made
with the mineral oil. Electrical tests such as the breakdown voltage, resistivity and dissipation factor
were conducted. Besides that, chemical properties such as pour point, flash point, water content,
density, kinematic viscosity, dissolved of gases and moisture content of the compound were also
being investigated. Results from the laboratory studies have shown that the natural palm oil has
better electrical and chemical characteristics as compared to the existing mineral oil for transformer
insulation
Overall intelligent control system which runs on fuzzy, genetic and neural algorithm is a promisi... more Overall intelligent control system which runs on fuzzy, genetic and neural algorithm is a promising engine for large –scale development of control systems . Its development relies on creating environments where anthropomorphic tasks can be performed autonomously or proactively with a human operator. Certainly, the ability to control processes with a degree of autonomy is depended on the quality of an intelligent control
system envisioned. In this paper, a summary of published techniques for intelligent fuzzy control system is presented to enable a design engineer
choose architecture for his particular purpose. Published concepts are grouped according to their functionality. Their respective performances are compared. The various fuzzy techniques are analyzed in terms of their complexity, efficiency, flexibility, start-up behavior and utilization of the controller with
reference to an optimum control system condition.
: When operating an equipment or a power system at the high voltage, problems associated
with pa... more : When operating an equipment or a power system at the high voltage, problems associated
with partial discharge (PD) can be tracked down to electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission or
chemical reactions such as the formation of ozone and nitrous oxide gases. The high voltage
equipment and high voltage installation owners have come to terms with the need for conditions
monitoring the process of PD in the equipments such as power transformers, gas insulated
substations (GIS), and cable installations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods
(involving high voltage equipment) such as electrical detection, chemical detection, acoustic
detection, and optical detection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored
and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages in the
consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.
When operating an equipment or a power system at the high voltage, problems associated with parti... more When operating an equipment or a power system at the high voltage, problems associated with partial discharge (PD) can be tracked down to electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission or chemical reactions such as the formation of ozone and nitrous oxide gases. The high voltage equipment and high voltage installation owners have come to terms with the need for conditions monitoring the process of PD in the equipments such as power transformers, gas insulated substations (GIS), and cable installations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods (involving high voltage equipment) such as electrical detection, chemical detection, acoustic detection, and optical detection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages in the consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.
Partial discharge (PD) can be detected using ultra high frequency (UHF) method to increase the de... more Partial discharge (PD) can be detected using ultra high frequency (UHF) method to increase the detection threshold and to improve the
performance of on-line measurement of PD in noise environment. The PD emitted energy as electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission and ozone
and nitrous oxide gases. We can use this emitted energy to detected PD signal. The best method to detect PD in gas insulate substation, power cable
and transformer is by using UHF electromagnetic wave. UHF method have advantages such as high sensitivity, a good signal –to- noise ratio
(SNR). On the other hand, there are still some issues to be solved in the UHF methods, such as a clear understanding of the propagation characteristics
of electromagnetic waves arising from the structure of the equipment, optimization of antenna design and calibration of charge. Furthermore, in on-site
measurements and laboratory experiments it has been that UHF method gives avery moderate signal attenuations. In this paper, a review on UHF PD
sensor connected at extra high voltage-termination of cables, UHF PD signals in a 132 kV gas insulated substation (GIS) transformer are
described. Results from the measurement show that this method can give the precise value of PD signal
The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early det... more The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this study, partial discharge signal has been captured by using step-index multimode of fiber optic sensor (FOS). In this experiment, FOS shows good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage 10 kV.
High-voltage transformer is the most critical and expensive component in a power system network i... more High-voltage transformer is the most critical and expensive component in a power system network in order to ensure the stability of the system. Partial discharge (PD) detection is a technique widely used for high voltage equipment insulation condition monitoring and assessment. In this paper, the characteristics of two acoustic sensors multimode fiber optical (FO) and piezoelectric (PZT) sensor haves been successfully explored and monitor the condition of high voltage equipment insulation. Both the sensors were placed in an oil tank in which optical breakdown was produced by neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm) device. The optical signal of light source was linked by a photodetector which was also connected with multimode fiber (MMF) by means of a fiber optical adapter. The data obtained by both sensors were then analyzed in time and frequency domain. These experimental results are interesting and suggest that both sensors have peculiar characteristics for the detection of AE and can be used for any PD detection requirements.
Uploads
Papers by Dr-Malik Al Saedi
and chemical reactions as ozone formation and nitrous oxide gases. One of the continuous conditions
monitoring process is done in high voltage equipments such as power transformer. This paper deals with a
short review on PD detection methods regarding high-voltage equipments such as electrical detection,
chemical detection, acoustic detection and optical detection. Also, new technique for PD signal
monitoring in power transformer call as chromatic in the present. The chromatic approach shows the
ability to quantifying information content of PD signal by chromatic parameters hue (H), saturation (S)
and lightness (L), which can be related to characteristics of PD signal. The chromatic approach shows the
ability to yielding new patterns, which monitoring indications of the discharges signals with high accurac
and without noise.
!
"
#
$%%&'
!
"
#
$%%&'
(
+LVWRULFDOO\WKHDUFGLVFKDUJHDQDO\]LQJWHFKQLTXHZDVRQHRIWKHILUVWPHWKRGV
WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VWDWXV RI WKH LQVXODWLRQ RLO 'XH WR WKH KDUVK HQYLURQPHQW DQG WKH
FRQWLQXH XVDJH RI WKH KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHUV PDQ\ SUREOHPV RI LQVXODWLRQ FDQ EH
SURGXFHGOHDGLQJWRWKHIDLOXUHRIWKHWUDQVIRUPHU7KHSUREOHPRIWKHWKHVLVLVWRILQG
WKHEHVWDYDLODEOHVROXWLRQWRFRQGXFWUHDOWLPHDQDO\]LQJRILQVXODWLRQRLORIKLJKYROWDJH
WUDQVIRUPHUVVRWKDWWKHKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUFDQEHVDIHJXDUGHGIURPIDLOXUHLQWKH
PRVWHIIHFWLYHDQGHFRQRPLFPDQQHU,QWKLVZRUNWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHLQVXODWLRQRLO
ZLOO EH FDSWXUHG DQG FDOFXODWHG ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW SDUWLDO GLVFKDUJH RFFXUULQJ 7KH
VLPXODWHGDUFGLVFKDUJHLVJHQHUDWHGXVLQJN9SRZHUVRXUFHLQWZRURXQGVKDSHVWHHO
HOHFWURGHV KDYLQJ PP JDS 7KLV GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH VHQVRU DQG DUF GLVFKDUJH
VRXUFH LV VHW DW FP 7KHLQIUDUHGWKHUPRPHWHU ODVHU JXQ ZDV XVHGWR FDSWXUHWKH
LQVXODWLRQRLOWHPSHUDWXUHE\VHQGLQJDODVHUOLJKWWRZDUGWKHLQVXODWLRQRLODQGWKDWOLJKW
ZLOOEHUHIOHFWHGEHFNDQGUHFHLYHGE\WKHGHYLFHDQGWKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHRLOZLOO
EHFDSWXUHGDQGPHDVXUHG7KLVVWXG\ZLOOKHOSWRSUHGLFWWKHLQVXODWLRQRLODJHRIKLJK
YROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUVZKLFKUHGXFHWKHPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWRIKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHU
controller parameters of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system, using a combined genetic algorithm (GA), radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) and Sugeno fuzzy logic approaches. GA and a
RBF-NN with a Sugeno fuzzy logic are proposed to design a PID controller for an AVR system (GNFPID).
The problem for obtaining the optimal AVR and PID controller parameters is formulated as an optimization problem and RBF-NN tuned by GA is applied to solve the optimization problem. Whereas, optimal
PID gains obtained by the proposed RBF tuning by genetic algorithm for various operating conditions
are used to develop the rule base of the Sugeno fuzzy system and design fuzzy PID controller of the
AVR system to improve the system’s response (∼0.005 s). The proposed approach has superior features,
including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic, good computational efficiency and
this algorithm effectively searches for a high-quality solution and improve the transient response of the
AVR system (7E−06). Numerical simulation results demonstrate that this is faster and has much less
computational cost as compared with the real-code genetic algorithm (RGA) and Sugeno fuzzy logic. The
proposed method is indeed more efficient and robust in improving the step response of an AVR system.
operating costs, enhance the reliability of operation and improve service to customers. Different alternatives to detect and
diagnose faults in induction machines have been proposed and implemented in the last years. These new alternatives are
characterized by an on-line and non-invasive feature, that is to say, the capacity to detect faults while the machine is working and
the capacity to work sensor less. These characteristics, obtained by the new techniques, distinguish them from the traditional ones,
which, in most cases, need that the machine which is being analyzed is not working to do the diagnosis. The main purpose of this
article is to revise the main alternatives in the detection of faults in induction machines and compare their contributions according
to the information they require for the diagnosis, the number and relevance of the faults that can be detected, the speed to
anticipate a fault and the accuracy in the diagnosis. and to identify various such diagnosis techniques that can be applied for
automatic condition monitoring of induction motors and can be extended easily to other electrical machines also.
life-long maintenance is ever-demanding. The durability of transformers function is significantly decided by the
excellence of its insulation which deteriorates over time due to temperature fluctuations and moisture contents. The
accurate diagnoses of faults in early stages and the efficient assessment of oil quality using an intelligent program is the
key challenges in protecting transformers from potential failures occur during operation to avoid economic losses. The
dissolved gases analysis in oil is a reliable method in the diagnosis of faults and assessing the quality of insulating oil in
transformers. Recently, application of artificial intelligence (AI) has included fuzzy logic, expert system (EPS), and
artificial neural network (ANN), Expert system and fuzzy logic can take DGA standards. This paper represents the
review most of the methods used to diagnose faults and assessment of insulating oil for transformers through the
dissolved gases analysis DGA.
its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques
are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the
subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this experimental, multimode fiber
(MMF) was placed in oil tank. The PD induced acoustic emission (AE) inside the insulation oil.
PD signal has been captured by using step-index multimode of fiber optic sensor (FOS). The
results shows FOS has good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage 10 kV.
material has to produce with good electrical and chemical characteristics. However, recent
evidence has shown the deficiencies with these fluids where they have low properties especially
flash and fire point and most importantly low dielectric breakdown voltage. The most serious of
these shortcomings is the inability to meet up with the health and environmental laws. Besides,
they are not organic and hence not biodegradable. In this paper, natural palm oil and its derivatives
have been studied in attempt to find an environmental friendly insulating fluid. Samples such as
crude and refined palm oils were electrically and chemically tested and comparisons were made
with the mineral oil. Electrical tests such as the breakdown voltage, resistivity and dissipation factor
were conducted. Besides that, chemical properties such as pour point, flash point, water content,
density, kinematic viscosity, dissolved of gases and moisture content of the compound were also
being investigated. Results from the laboratory studies have shown that the natural palm oil has
better electrical and chemical characteristics as compared to the existing mineral oil for transformer
insulation
system envisioned. In this paper, a summary of published techniques for intelligent fuzzy control system is presented to enable a design engineer
choose architecture for his particular purpose. Published concepts are grouped according to their functionality. Their respective performances are compared. The various fuzzy techniques are analyzed in terms of their complexity, efficiency, flexibility, start-up behavior and utilization of the controller with
reference to an optimum control system condition.
with partial discharge (PD) can be tracked down to electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission or
chemical reactions such as the formation of ozone and nitrous oxide gases. The high voltage
equipment and high voltage installation owners have come to terms with the need for conditions
monitoring the process of PD in the equipments such as power transformers, gas insulated
substations (GIS), and cable installations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods
(involving high voltage equipment) such as electrical detection, chemical detection, acoustic
detection, and optical detection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored
and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages in the
consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.
performance of on-line measurement of PD in noise environment. The PD emitted energy as electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission and ozone
and nitrous oxide gases. We can use this emitted energy to detected PD signal. The best method to detect PD in gas insulate substation, power cable
and transformer is by using UHF electromagnetic wave. UHF method have advantages such as high sensitivity, a good signal –to- noise ratio
(SNR). On the other hand, there are still some issues to be solved in the UHF methods, such as a clear understanding of the propagation characteristics
of electromagnetic waves arising from the structure of the equipment, optimization of antenna design and calibration of charge. Furthermore, in on-site
measurements and laboratory experiments it has been that UHF method gives avery moderate signal attenuations. In this paper, a review on UHF PD
sensor connected at extra high voltage-termination of cables, UHF PD signals in a 132 kV gas insulated substation (GIS) transformer are
described. Results from the measurement show that this method can give the precise value of PD signal
and chemical reactions as ozone formation and nitrous oxide gases. One of the continuous conditions
monitoring process is done in high voltage equipments such as power transformer. This paper deals with a
short review on PD detection methods regarding high-voltage equipments such as electrical detection,
chemical detection, acoustic detection and optical detection. Also, new technique for PD signal
monitoring in power transformer call as chromatic in the present. The chromatic approach shows the
ability to quantifying information content of PD signal by chromatic parameters hue (H), saturation (S)
and lightness (L), which can be related to characteristics of PD signal. The chromatic approach shows the
ability to yielding new patterns, which monitoring indications of the discharges signals with high accurac
and without noise.
!
"
#
$%%&'
!
"
#
$%%&'
(
+LVWRULFDOO\WKHDUFGLVFKDUJHDQDO\]LQJWHFKQLTXHZDVRQHRIWKHILUVWPHWKRGV
WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VWDWXV RI WKH LQVXODWLRQ RLO 'XH WR WKH KDUVK HQYLURQPHQW DQG WKH
FRQWLQXH XVDJH RI WKH KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHUV PDQ\ SUREOHPV RI LQVXODWLRQ FDQ EH
SURGXFHGOHDGLQJWRWKHIDLOXUHRIWKHWUDQVIRUPHU7KHSUREOHPRIWKHWKHVLVLVWRILQG
WKHEHVWDYDLODEOHVROXWLRQWRFRQGXFWUHDOWLPHDQDO\]LQJRILQVXODWLRQRLORIKLJKYROWDJH
WUDQVIRUPHUVVRWKDWWKHKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUFDQEHVDIHJXDUGHGIURPIDLOXUHLQWKH
PRVWHIIHFWLYHDQGHFRQRPLFPDQQHU,QWKLVZRUNWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHLQVXODWLRQRLO
ZLOO EH FDSWXUHG DQG FDOFXODWHG ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW SDUWLDO GLVFKDUJH RFFXUULQJ 7KH
VLPXODWHGDUFGLVFKDUJHLVJHQHUDWHGXVLQJN9SRZHUVRXUFHLQWZRURXQGVKDSHVWHHO
HOHFWURGHV KDYLQJ PP JDS 7KLV GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH VHQVRU DQG DUF GLVFKDUJH
VRXUFH LV VHW DW FP 7KHLQIUDUHGWKHUPRPHWHU ODVHU JXQ ZDV XVHGWR FDSWXUHWKH
LQVXODWLRQRLOWHPSHUDWXUHE\VHQGLQJDODVHUOLJKWWRZDUGWKHLQVXODWLRQRLODQGWKDWOLJKW
ZLOOEHUHIOHFWHGEHFNDQGUHFHLYHGE\WKHGHYLFHDQGWKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHRLOZLOO
EHFDSWXUHGDQGPHDVXUHG7KLVVWXG\ZLOOKHOSWRSUHGLFWWKHLQVXODWLRQRLODJHRIKLJK
YROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUVZKLFKUHGXFHWKHPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWRIKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHU
controller parameters of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system, using a combined genetic algorithm (GA), radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) and Sugeno fuzzy logic approaches. GA and a
RBF-NN with a Sugeno fuzzy logic are proposed to design a PID controller for an AVR system (GNFPID).
The problem for obtaining the optimal AVR and PID controller parameters is formulated as an optimization problem and RBF-NN tuned by GA is applied to solve the optimization problem. Whereas, optimal
PID gains obtained by the proposed RBF tuning by genetic algorithm for various operating conditions
are used to develop the rule base of the Sugeno fuzzy system and design fuzzy PID controller of the
AVR system to improve the system’s response (∼0.005 s). The proposed approach has superior features,
including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic, good computational efficiency and
this algorithm effectively searches for a high-quality solution and improve the transient response of the
AVR system (7E−06). Numerical simulation results demonstrate that this is faster and has much less
computational cost as compared with the real-code genetic algorithm (RGA) and Sugeno fuzzy logic. The
proposed method is indeed more efficient and robust in improving the step response of an AVR system.
operating costs, enhance the reliability of operation and improve service to customers. Different alternatives to detect and
diagnose faults in induction machines have been proposed and implemented in the last years. These new alternatives are
characterized by an on-line and non-invasive feature, that is to say, the capacity to detect faults while the machine is working and
the capacity to work sensor less. These characteristics, obtained by the new techniques, distinguish them from the traditional ones,
which, in most cases, need that the machine which is being analyzed is not working to do the diagnosis. The main purpose of this
article is to revise the main alternatives in the detection of faults in induction machines and compare their contributions according
to the information they require for the diagnosis, the number and relevance of the faults that can be detected, the speed to
anticipate a fault and the accuracy in the diagnosis. and to identify various such diagnosis techniques that can be applied for
automatic condition monitoring of induction motors and can be extended easily to other electrical machines also.
life-long maintenance is ever-demanding. The durability of transformers function is significantly decided by the
excellence of its insulation which deteriorates over time due to temperature fluctuations and moisture contents. The
accurate diagnoses of faults in early stages and the efficient assessment of oil quality using an intelligent program is the
key challenges in protecting transformers from potential failures occur during operation to avoid economic losses. The
dissolved gases analysis in oil is a reliable method in the diagnosis of faults and assessing the quality of insulating oil in
transformers. Recently, application of artificial intelligence (AI) has included fuzzy logic, expert system (EPS), and
artificial neural network (ANN), Expert system and fuzzy logic can take DGA standards. This paper represents the
review most of the methods used to diagnose faults and assessment of insulating oil for transformers through the
dissolved gases analysis DGA.
its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques
are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the
subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this experimental, multimode fiber
(MMF) was placed in oil tank. The PD induced acoustic emission (AE) inside the insulation oil.
PD signal has been captured by using step-index multimode of fiber optic sensor (FOS). The
results shows FOS has good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage 10 kV.
material has to produce with good electrical and chemical characteristics. However, recent
evidence has shown the deficiencies with these fluids where they have low properties especially
flash and fire point and most importantly low dielectric breakdown voltage. The most serious of
these shortcomings is the inability to meet up with the health and environmental laws. Besides,
they are not organic and hence not biodegradable. In this paper, natural palm oil and its derivatives
have been studied in attempt to find an environmental friendly insulating fluid. Samples such as
crude and refined palm oils were electrically and chemically tested and comparisons were made
with the mineral oil. Electrical tests such as the breakdown voltage, resistivity and dissipation factor
were conducted. Besides that, chemical properties such as pour point, flash point, water content,
density, kinematic viscosity, dissolved of gases and moisture content of the compound were also
being investigated. Results from the laboratory studies have shown that the natural palm oil has
better electrical and chemical characteristics as compared to the existing mineral oil for transformer
insulation
system envisioned. In this paper, a summary of published techniques for intelligent fuzzy control system is presented to enable a design engineer
choose architecture for his particular purpose. Published concepts are grouped according to their functionality. Their respective performances are compared. The various fuzzy techniques are analyzed in terms of their complexity, efficiency, flexibility, start-up behavior and utilization of the controller with
reference to an optimum control system condition.
with partial discharge (PD) can be tracked down to electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission or
chemical reactions such as the formation of ozone and nitrous oxide gases. The high voltage
equipment and high voltage installation owners have come to terms with the need for conditions
monitoring the process of PD in the equipments such as power transformers, gas insulated
substations (GIS), and cable installations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods
(involving high voltage equipment) such as electrical detection, chemical detection, acoustic
detection, and optical detection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored
and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages in the
consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.
performance of on-line measurement of PD in noise environment. The PD emitted energy as electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission and ozone
and nitrous oxide gases. We can use this emitted energy to detected PD signal. The best method to detect PD in gas insulate substation, power cable
and transformer is by using UHF electromagnetic wave. UHF method have advantages such as high sensitivity, a good signal –to- noise ratio
(SNR). On the other hand, there are still some issues to be solved in the UHF methods, such as a clear understanding of the propagation characteristics
of electromagnetic waves arising from the structure of the equipment, optimization of antenna design and calibration of charge. Furthermore, in on-site
measurements and laboratory experiments it has been that UHF method gives avery moderate signal attenuations. In this paper, a review on UHF PD
sensor connected at extra high voltage-termination of cables, UHF PD signals in a 132 kV gas insulated substation (GIS) transformer are
described. Results from the measurement show that this method can give the precise value of PD signal