MOHAMMED Al SAFADY
The seawater quality of Gaza strip is highly polluted by sewage, sediments, nutrients pesticides, litter and marine debris, and toxic wastes during thirty years of Israeli occupation (MEnA,2001).
The ignorance of the importance of the sea water quality left the coastal area of Gaza Strip in a bad and neglected state and consequently led to the deterioration of seawater quality (MEnA,2001). This resulted in damaging not only the landscape of the sole recreational places in Gaza, but also destroying the marine fauna and flora and public health.
Seawater and beach quality monitoring and assessment are considered as vital part of any integrated coastal management program (Afifi et al., 2000).
AIM:
Assessment and identification of the Physico-Chemical and microbiological Characteristics of Seawater along the Northern part of Gaza Strip coastal water.
Supervisors: Mohammed Abudae and Abdulla Bashir
Phone: 00972 59 9299533
Address: Palestine - Gaza Strip, Gaza City, Al Azhar Uni., Abdulnaser st., IWE (Head Building)
The ignorance of the importance of the sea water quality left the coastal area of Gaza Strip in a bad and neglected state and consequently led to the deterioration of seawater quality (MEnA,2001). This resulted in damaging not only the landscape of the sole recreational places in Gaza, but also destroying the marine fauna and flora and public health.
Seawater and beach quality monitoring and assessment are considered as vital part of any integrated coastal management program (Afifi et al., 2000).
AIM:
Assessment and identification of the Physico-Chemical and microbiological Characteristics of Seawater along the Northern part of Gaza Strip coastal water.
Supervisors: Mohammed Abudae and Abdulla Bashir
Phone: 00972 59 9299533
Address: Palestine - Gaza Strip, Gaza City, Al Azhar Uni., Abdulnaser st., IWE (Head Building)
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Books by MOHAMMED Al SAFADY
A GUIDE TO CRITICAL-CLEANING PROCEDURES, TECHNIQUES, AND VALIDATION
Since their first use in healthcare and laboratory
settings, aqueous critical cleaners—cleaners
which leave no interfering residues—have
found increasing application in a wide range of
industries as an environmentally benign alternative
to ozone-depleting compounds and hazardous
solvents.
This book distills and presents practical information
covering the history of such cleaners—what
they are, how they work, and how to make best use
of them in cleaning products and components in
electronics, metalworking, precision manufacturing;
pharmaceutical, food-and-beverage, and chemical
processing; and many other industrial applications.
It is written by a medical doctor, Alan Zisman,
and a director of aqueous-cleaner marketing,
Malcolm McLaughlin, who also has academic
training and professional experience in chemistry.
Both are employed by Alconox, Inc., a New York
firm which has been a leading developer and supplier
of aqueous cleaners for laboratory, healthcare,
and industrial applications for more than 50 years.
This Guide is a contribution of the Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), to aid developing countries in their preparation of national drinking water quality standards (DWQS).
The structure of the document is that of a pyramid, the base being the general principles and recommendations, which represents the foundation of the Guide. The second level explains the methodology suggested for developing a standard.
The third level focuses on each of the components or “sections” of the standard and describes their most important features and how to apply them. The fourth level presents a case study to help visualize the use of the Guide.
The City is responsible to provide an approval process framework for new development and significant redevelopment that occurs within the City’s boundaries to ensure that development occurs in an organized fashion that reflects the vision of the community, assesses the environmental issues associated with the project, and provides a regulatory framework to ensure that standards set by the City are implemented. The City is required by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board’s NPDES Permit for urban storm water runoff to minimize short and long-term adverse impacts that new development and significant redevelopment may have on water quality to the maximum extent practicable. The City’s General Plan includes development goals and policies, landscaping policies and requirements, open space goals and policies, including preservation or integration with natural features, and water conservation policies that reflect the vision of the community. The following bullets provide a sample of the policies and goals contained in the General Plan:
Protect water quality and conserve water supply.
Local drainage courses, channels, and creeks should be improved to protect vegetation and wildlife habitat wherever possible.
Reduce and eliminate contamination of water supply from industrial operations.
Conserve and protect significant topographical features, important watershed areas, resources, and soils.
Control erosion during and following construction through proper grading techniques, vegetation replanting, and the installation of proper drainage control improvements.
Encourage the practice of proper soil management techniques to reduce erosion, sedimentation, and other soil-related problems.
In the second edition of Medical Statistics from A to Z I have addedmany new definitions and taken the opportunity to correct and clarify a number of entries. More references are also provided that point readers to more detailed accounts of topics.
cambridge university press
Papers by MOHAMMED Al SAFADY
Analysis of variance confirmed that station close to the raw sewage discharge points had significantly higher faecal coliform and faecal streptococci levels than stations free from and raw sewage discharge. The data indicate high microbiological contamination of seawater above internationally accepted limits, especially at stations close to raw sewage outlets. TDS, turbidity and Nitrates levels also varied significantly, also under the influence of sewage and storm water runoff.
The aim of the study is to make an evaluation according to the strategic plan for the sector of waste water (sewage), which was planned by the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in the years 2008 to 2010. This study revolved around three central plants mainly in Gaza Strip. The first one is in the Northern Provience, the second is in provinces of Gaza and the Central and the third is in the South in Khan Younis and Rafah.
The researchers used techniques and appropriate methods of research to study the field such as interviews, field visits exploration, and preparation of questionnaires through which information and data were collected, and access to a range of previous studies relevant to the subject of the study. They also used the different computerized programs analysis, arrangement and interpretation of information such as MS v2007, statistical analysis program SPSS v.15, the program of aerial photos Google Earth v5, and program design for the Coordination of Photography Photoshop v7.0.
Results show that: 1) co-composting method will be an attractive solid waste management option in poor context. 2) Dairy cow manure with food waste co-composting process was feasible even at the highest fat content. It can be a feasible way of adding value to fatty wastes. 3) The final co compost can be promoted for fertilizer. The best results were obtained by mixing rubber waste with sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plan, and water hyacinth. 4) The final pH of chestnut burr and leaf litter with solid poultry manure co-compost was 8.89 and the C/N ratio was 13. The germination index (GI) was obtained using the co-compost varied with the seeds used. 5) Good results were obtained when hair and de-inking co composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process. In all cases, more stable compost was achieved at the end of the process.
Teaching Documents by MOHAMMED Al SAFADY
Scientific research by MOHAMMED Al SAFADY
The present study investigates the quality and distributions of health services in Gaza city , Which suffer from ill-distribution, Which it makes difficult for residents to get health services, So therefore effective plans to face the present situation to improve the quality of health services and redistribution it in all area .
In this regard ,the study suggests the establishment of local-regional systems and introducing national standards that are able to plan the health services in Palestine.
The study suggests to establish spatial information unit in MOH that dependent on GIS technique to collect and analysis health services data.
The aim of the study is to make an evaluation according to the strategic plan for the sector of wastewater (sewage), which was planned by the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in the years 2008 to 2010. This study revolved around three vital plants mainly in Gaza Strip. The first one is in the North Governorate, the second is in Gaza and Middle Governorates, and the third is in Khan Younis and Rafah Governorates.
Master Thesis by MOHAMMED Al SAFADY
The investigation was conducted through analysis of seawater samples from six sites along the coastal water of northern Gaza Strip. The total samples 168 (84 for physicochemical and 84 for microbiological) were analyzed during the winter season period (8/2011 to 12/2011).
Samples were collected from the study area of about 14 km along the seashore region from Wadi Gaza until Al-Forisa Club in the north. The study area was divided into six sites (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) according to several criteria such as the presence of pollution points of direct and indirect and the most crowded areas of swimmers and sea visitors.
The analysis of the results shows significant spatial and temporal variations in the physico-chemical parameters (turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and total dissolved solids) but no significant variations in pH and water temperature. On the other hand, the analysis of the results shows significant variations in the microbiological indicators (total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is apparently due to raw sewage discharge.
Analysis of variance confirmed that sites close to the raw sewage discharge points had significantly higher levels of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa than sites free from any sewage discharge. The data indicate high microbiological contamination of seawater above internationally accepted limits, especially at sites close to sewage outlets. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and total dissolved solids levels also varied significantly also under the influence of sewage discharge.
Based on the main findings of the current study, negative health impacts on Gaza Strip population especially seashore visitors, are expected. Several recommendations that may help in controlling and/or protecting the coastal area and the marine ecosystem in the study area have been suggested. They mainly include; the construction of new wastewater treatment plants and upgrading the existing ones, routine monitoring of the pollution level of the coastal area especially the recreational zones and development of a national program for the protection of the marine environment that can be enforced by setting the necessary rules and regulations. The study recommended finally; the need for further studies to assess the health impacts of the seawater pollution.
A GUIDE TO CRITICAL-CLEANING PROCEDURES, TECHNIQUES, AND VALIDATION
Since their first use in healthcare and laboratory
settings, aqueous critical cleaners—cleaners
which leave no interfering residues—have
found increasing application in a wide range of
industries as an environmentally benign alternative
to ozone-depleting compounds and hazardous
solvents.
This book distills and presents practical information
covering the history of such cleaners—what
they are, how they work, and how to make best use
of them in cleaning products and components in
electronics, metalworking, precision manufacturing;
pharmaceutical, food-and-beverage, and chemical
processing; and many other industrial applications.
It is written by a medical doctor, Alan Zisman,
and a director of aqueous-cleaner marketing,
Malcolm McLaughlin, who also has academic
training and professional experience in chemistry.
Both are employed by Alconox, Inc., a New York
firm which has been a leading developer and supplier
of aqueous cleaners for laboratory, healthcare,
and industrial applications for more than 50 years.
This Guide is a contribution of the Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), to aid developing countries in their preparation of national drinking water quality standards (DWQS).
The structure of the document is that of a pyramid, the base being the general principles and recommendations, which represents the foundation of the Guide. The second level explains the methodology suggested for developing a standard.
The third level focuses on each of the components or “sections” of the standard and describes their most important features and how to apply them. The fourth level presents a case study to help visualize the use of the Guide.
The City is responsible to provide an approval process framework for new development and significant redevelopment that occurs within the City’s boundaries to ensure that development occurs in an organized fashion that reflects the vision of the community, assesses the environmental issues associated with the project, and provides a regulatory framework to ensure that standards set by the City are implemented. The City is required by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board’s NPDES Permit for urban storm water runoff to minimize short and long-term adverse impacts that new development and significant redevelopment may have on water quality to the maximum extent practicable. The City’s General Plan includes development goals and policies, landscaping policies and requirements, open space goals and policies, including preservation or integration with natural features, and water conservation policies that reflect the vision of the community. The following bullets provide a sample of the policies and goals contained in the General Plan:
Protect water quality and conserve water supply.
Local drainage courses, channels, and creeks should be improved to protect vegetation and wildlife habitat wherever possible.
Reduce and eliminate contamination of water supply from industrial operations.
Conserve and protect significant topographical features, important watershed areas, resources, and soils.
Control erosion during and following construction through proper grading techniques, vegetation replanting, and the installation of proper drainage control improvements.
Encourage the practice of proper soil management techniques to reduce erosion, sedimentation, and other soil-related problems.
In the second edition of Medical Statistics from A to Z I have addedmany new definitions and taken the opportunity to correct and clarify a number of entries. More references are also provided that point readers to more detailed accounts of topics.
cambridge university press
Analysis of variance confirmed that station close to the raw sewage discharge points had significantly higher faecal coliform and faecal streptococci levels than stations free from and raw sewage discharge. The data indicate high microbiological contamination of seawater above internationally accepted limits, especially at stations close to raw sewage outlets. TDS, turbidity and Nitrates levels also varied significantly, also under the influence of sewage and storm water runoff.
The aim of the study is to make an evaluation according to the strategic plan for the sector of waste water (sewage), which was planned by the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in the years 2008 to 2010. This study revolved around three central plants mainly in Gaza Strip. The first one is in the Northern Provience, the second is in provinces of Gaza and the Central and the third is in the South in Khan Younis and Rafah.
The researchers used techniques and appropriate methods of research to study the field such as interviews, field visits exploration, and preparation of questionnaires through which information and data were collected, and access to a range of previous studies relevant to the subject of the study. They also used the different computerized programs analysis, arrangement and interpretation of information such as MS v2007, statistical analysis program SPSS v.15, the program of aerial photos Google Earth v5, and program design for the Coordination of Photography Photoshop v7.0.
Results show that: 1) co-composting method will be an attractive solid waste management option in poor context. 2) Dairy cow manure with food waste co-composting process was feasible even at the highest fat content. It can be a feasible way of adding value to fatty wastes. 3) The final co compost can be promoted for fertilizer. The best results were obtained by mixing rubber waste with sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plan, and water hyacinth. 4) The final pH of chestnut burr and leaf litter with solid poultry manure co-compost was 8.89 and the C/N ratio was 13. The germination index (GI) was obtained using the co-compost varied with the seeds used. 5) Good results were obtained when hair and de-inking co composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process. In all cases, more stable compost was achieved at the end of the process.
The present study investigates the quality and distributions of health services in Gaza city , Which suffer from ill-distribution, Which it makes difficult for residents to get health services, So therefore effective plans to face the present situation to improve the quality of health services and redistribution it in all area .
In this regard ,the study suggests the establishment of local-regional systems and introducing national standards that are able to plan the health services in Palestine.
The study suggests to establish spatial information unit in MOH that dependent on GIS technique to collect and analysis health services data.
The aim of the study is to make an evaluation according to the strategic plan for the sector of wastewater (sewage), which was planned by the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in the years 2008 to 2010. This study revolved around three vital plants mainly in Gaza Strip. The first one is in the North Governorate, the second is in Gaza and Middle Governorates, and the third is in Khan Younis and Rafah Governorates.
The investigation was conducted through analysis of seawater samples from six sites along the coastal water of northern Gaza Strip. The total samples 168 (84 for physicochemical and 84 for microbiological) were analyzed during the winter season period (8/2011 to 12/2011).
Samples were collected from the study area of about 14 km along the seashore region from Wadi Gaza until Al-Forisa Club in the north. The study area was divided into six sites (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) according to several criteria such as the presence of pollution points of direct and indirect and the most crowded areas of swimmers and sea visitors.
The analysis of the results shows significant spatial and temporal variations in the physico-chemical parameters (turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and total dissolved solids) but no significant variations in pH and water temperature. On the other hand, the analysis of the results shows significant variations in the microbiological indicators (total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is apparently due to raw sewage discharge.
Analysis of variance confirmed that sites close to the raw sewage discharge points had significantly higher levels of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa than sites free from any sewage discharge. The data indicate high microbiological contamination of seawater above internationally accepted limits, especially at sites close to sewage outlets. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and total dissolved solids levels also varied significantly also under the influence of sewage discharge.
Based on the main findings of the current study, negative health impacts on Gaza Strip population especially seashore visitors, are expected. Several recommendations that may help in controlling and/or protecting the coastal area and the marine ecosystem in the study area have been suggested. They mainly include; the construction of new wastewater treatment plants and upgrading the existing ones, routine monitoring of the pollution level of the coastal area especially the recreational zones and development of a national program for the protection of the marine environment that can be enforced by setting the necessary rules and regulations. The study recommended finally; the need for further studies to assess the health impacts of the seawater pollution.