Journal of Economics and Political Economy, Dec 30, 2018
The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. Minimum wag... more The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. Minimum wage is a level of income which is determined by the government in order people to be able to maintain humanitarian consumption rate under the economic conditions in which they survive. Such an partial interference to competitive economics can affect many macroeconomic variables. In this study, the relationship between minimum wage and the growth performance is investigated within fast growing Turkish economy. The effects of minimum wage over employment and how the employment rate changes by the effects of minimum wage increases reflect to the growth processes is depicted. After the applied tests, the results are acquired as there is co-integration relationship in the long run between minimum wage and the growth and Granger causality occurred in double direction.
Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich a... more Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts beschränkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewählte Werk im Rahmen der unter
Abstract. The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. M... more Abstract. The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. Minimum wage is a level of income which is determined by the government in order people to be able to maintain humanitarian consumption rate under the economic conditions in which they survive. Such an partial interference to competitive economics can affect many macroeconomic variables. In this study, the relationship between minimum wage and the growth performance is investigated within fast growing Turkish economy. The effects of minimum wage over employment and how the employment rate changes by the effects of minimum wage increases reflect to the growth processes is depicted. After the applied tests, the results are acquired as there is co-integration relationship in the long run between minimum wage and the growth and Granger causality occurred in double direction. Keywords. Economic growth, Minimum wage, Employment, Unemployment. JEL. F43, E24, J31.
In this article, long term data is analyzed for the total growth of the world economy and the gro... more In this article, long term data is analyzed for the total growth of the world economy and the growth of developed (G7) and of the rapid developing economies. BRICS countries are known countries with their meetings since 2008. Rapidly developing countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Indonesia and Korea are defined as MATIKin thisanalysisexceptthecountriesfor BRICS meeting. Especially, the basic hypotheses of this study is that BRICS+MATIK countries whose economic shares slowly increase were compared with G-7 and the global economy, i) Help of BRICS+MATIK economies rapidly increase for the growth rate of world economy: ii)They’re the hypotheses that BRICS+MATIK economies are cointegrated with the growth of world economy in long term. In this way, it may be possible that the help of G-7 is compared with the help of BRICS+MATIK economies for the growth of world economy. The study uses the annual data of the 1962-2012 periods. Time series analysis is used to test the hypotheses....
International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 2019
The study investigates the relationship between the labor force participation rate for both male ... more The study investigates the relationship between the labor force participation rate for both male and female, gross fixed capital formation, and economic growth in Bangladesh using the annual time series data from 1991 to 2017. The results find two bidirectional nexus that one is between total labor force participation and economic growth and second is between gross fixed capital formations and economic growth whereas the findings also show a unidirectional causal association from female labor force participation to economic progress for Bangladesh. The study also finds that both total labor force participation and female labor force participation have short-run positive significant effects on the economic development for Bangladesh but adverse effects in the long run. On the contrary gross fixed capital formation contains short term significant negative indication on the economic growth but has an explicit positive considerable impact on the economic development of Bangladesh. The g...
This study investigates the causality relationship between public sector spending and economic gr... more This study investigates the causality relationship between public sector spending and economic growth. Although a relationship between these two variables is traditionally accepted, the direction of this causality relationship has widely been discussed. The relationship in which the increase of public sector spending moves together with the growth is called as Wagner’s Law and it is examined through developing countries’ data. As being developing country group, there is a huge literature about “BRICS countries”. The unique contribution of this study is that it defines a new developing country group as “MATIK countries” and it analyzes BRICS and MATIK (BM) countries together. Therefore, the validity of Wagner’s Law is tested on economic growth and public spending figures of these country groups which have significant population and economic size in world economy. As a result of Granger Causality Test for the period of 1961-2013, findings are obtained as Wagner’s Law is not valid for ...
This text is for the relation between credit default swap (CDS) spreads and some chosen macro eco... more This text is for the relation between credit default swap (CDS) spreads and some chosen macro economic data in Turkish economy. Credit default swap spread as an insurance spread is the most important sign for the solvency of the debitors in that country about the securities that public sector and companies export in an economy. Thus, the decisions of investors for the investment feasibility related to economy are based on the information that was supplied by these spreads. Therefore, the credit default swap spreads have become a kind of reliability index. Moreover, they have become an information source about the general view of economy except the investee securities. In this study, the relation between the interest rates of CDS spreads and GDP is determined over time.
In the present study, labor markets were analyzed, in particular, the reasons of low labor force ... more In the present study, labor markets were analyzed, in particular, the reasons of low labor force rate to make sense based on the data of Turkish economy. While in the advanced economies, the labor force rate is quite high and has small fluctuations around a certain extent over a long-term. In the Turkish economy, it prominently falls in a long-term. Turkey is 18th by population size and 17th by GDP in world ranking and although its population effectively provides labor force rate, it will be highly effective on its economic growth. The study that based on co-integration analysis with long-term of the labor data with respect to the economy of Turkey concluded that labor variables concern with GDP and co-integration in a long-term. In particular, when the presence of strong relation between the growth and the non-institutional population is produced, it is emphasized that the present relation between the growth and the labor variable isn’t strong enough.
This article remarks that the activities of the international capital flows and the foreign direc... more This article remarks that the activities of the international capital flows and the foreign direct investment increase, influence the growth process of countries. The economies attach more importance to these two factors in each passing day. On the other hand, the exposure degrees of host countries increase through the fluctuations. Especially, markets can fluctuate on a short notice because of the high speed of the capital movements. Therefore, countries mostly prefer to host the foreign direct investments. Thus, it is thought that countries can gain stability in a long term. However, this time, the damaging natural environment becomes a current issue with the labor force and natural sources that may be adapted to the technology transferred by direct foreign capital. This study empirically researched the actions of the foreign direct investments and portfolio investments on the growth that is theoretically presented for the finance of growth. The long term relation is researched by...
In this study, the analysis was that the capacity of creating inflation depends on oil prices as ... more In this study, the analysis was that the capacity of creating inflation depends on oil prices as the one of energy types that is a major input of aggregate output which becomes a source of economic growth with increasing in costs. The aggregate output is also a function of energy that is the one of production inputs. Moreover, energy is an imported by several countries because it is acquired from the limited sources around the world. It causes inflation of importing countries to exporting countries through oil prices. At the same time, the rises of oil prices causes inflation because it increases the product costs. The second argument is that the increasing of aggregate output is generally affected by energy use, and is privately affected by oil use. In that case, oil import is both efficient on inflation and on growth. Tested hypothesis in the study is that oil prices have an inflationary effect because of its effect on costs, and is that this activity will negatively affect the gr...
Klasik iktisat ücretlerin uzun dönemde geçimlik düzeye ulaşacağını öngörmüştür. Keynes ise, sendi... more Klasik iktisat ücretlerin uzun dönemde geçimlik düzeye ulaşacağını öngörmüştür. Keynes ise, sendikal etkinliklerle birlikte ücretlerin aşağıya doğru yapışkan olacağını savunmuştur. 1930’lu yıllardan beridir hükümetler, çalışanların gelir düzeylerini desteklemek için asgari ücret yasaları çıkartmaya başlamışlardır. Böylelikle asgari ücret de bir ücret yapışkanlığı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Uzun dönemde ücretler yükseliyor olsa da ücretler hala üretimden düşük pay almaya devam etmektedirler. Ana akım iktisat analizi, ücretlerin gereğinden fazla yükselmesinin ücret-fiyat sarmalı nedeniyle enflasyona yol açacağını öne sürmektedir. Bu nedenle, işsizliğin yarattığı baskıyla da birlikte, ücretler farklı gerekçelerle baskı altına alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinin 2005:01-2012:03 dönemine ait çeyreklik verileri ile zaman serileri yöntemine başvurarak, asgari ücretin, ücret yapışkanlığı etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Ulaşılan sonuçların başında, asgari ücretin, yoksulluk sınırı ile...
In this article, long term data is analysed for the total growth of the world economy and the gro... more In this article, long term data is analysed for the total growth of the world economy and the growth of developed (G7) and of the rapid developing economies. BRICS that is Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa 2008. Rapidly developing countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Indonesia and Korea are defined as MATIK. The total population of BRICS and MATIK countries generate 49,16% of the the world’s population, and their economic size generates 26,46% of total world economy. Especially, the basic hypotheses of this study is that BRICS+MATIK countries whose economic shares slowly increase were compared with G-7 and the global economy, i) help of BRICS+MATIK economies rapidly increase the growth rate of global economy: ii)They’re the hypotheses that BRICS+MATIK economies caused structural breakage in the growth rate of world economy. In this way, it may be possible that the help of G-7 is compared with the help of BRICS+MATIK economies for the growth of world economy. The ...
Nüfus artışı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki üzerine uzun zaman tartışmalar yapılmış olsa d... more Nüfus artışı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki üzerine uzun zaman tartışmalar yapılmış olsa da günümüzde, nüfus artışının ekonomik büyüme ile doğru yönlü bir ilişkisi olduğu yönünde genel bir kanaat vardır. Bu düşünce ampirik çalışmalar tarafından da desteklenmektedir. Ancak nüfus artışıyla doğru yönlü ilerleyen bir büyümeye rağmen, nüfusun işgücüne katılma oranıyla ters yönde (veya etkisiz) ilerlemesi bir paradoks olarak görülmektedir. Bu paradoks, “istihdam yaratmayan büyüme” ve “niteliksiz büyüme” kavramlarını ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, GSYİH ile nüfus ve işgücü arasında doğrusal bir ilişki söz konusu olmasına rağmen, işgücüne katılma oranının sabit kalmasına (veya çok düşük artmasına) bir açıklama aranmaktadır. Resmi açıklamalar, bu paradoksu kadın nüfusun işgücüne katılımındaki yetersizlik ile tarım sektöründeki istihdamın düşüyor olması yönündedir. Bu çalışmada, büyümenin niceliksel olmasına rağmen, bu niceliğin nitelik yaratmadığına dikkat çekilmeye çalışılmakta...
Bu çalışma, ekonomik büyümenin arz ve talep cephelerinin yansımaları olan gelir ve tüketim harcam... more Bu çalışma, ekonomik büyümenin arz ve talep cephelerinin yansımaları olan gelir ve tüketim harcamaları analiz edilmektedir. Tüketim harcamalarının, tüketicilerin gelir düzeylerinden nasıl etkilendiğini açıklamaya çalışan altı temel hipotez vardır ve bunlardan en yaygını Friedman’ın “Sürekli Gelir Hipotezi”dir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisi verileri üzerinden bu hipotez için kanıtlar aranmaktadır. 2004:01-2012:03 dönemine ait çeyreklik verilerle yapılan zaman serileri analizi sonucunda, tüketicilerin, tüketim harcamalarının cari gelirlerinden etkilendiği gibi, gelecek dönem beklentilerinden de etkilenmektedir. Nitekim beklentiler, tüketim harcamalarının Granger nedeni olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu bulgu, Friedman’ın Sürekli Gelir Hipotezi’ne Türkiye ekonomisi için kanıt olarak gösterilebilir.
Journal of Economics and Political Economy, Dec 30, 2018
The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. Minimum wag... more The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. Minimum wage is a level of income which is determined by the government in order people to be able to maintain humanitarian consumption rate under the economic conditions in which they survive. Such an partial interference to competitive economics can affect many macroeconomic variables. In this study, the relationship between minimum wage and the growth performance is investigated within fast growing Turkish economy. The effects of minimum wage over employment and how the employment rate changes by the effects of minimum wage increases reflect to the growth processes is depicted. After the applied tests, the results are acquired as there is co-integration relationship in the long run between minimum wage and the growth and Granger causality occurred in double direction.
Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich a... more Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts beschränkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewählte Werk im Rahmen der unter
Abstract. The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. M... more Abstract. The effects of the growth performances over minimum wages are examined in this study. Minimum wage is a level of income which is determined by the government in order people to be able to maintain humanitarian consumption rate under the economic conditions in which they survive. Such an partial interference to competitive economics can affect many macroeconomic variables. In this study, the relationship between minimum wage and the growth performance is investigated within fast growing Turkish economy. The effects of minimum wage over employment and how the employment rate changes by the effects of minimum wage increases reflect to the growth processes is depicted. After the applied tests, the results are acquired as there is co-integration relationship in the long run between minimum wage and the growth and Granger causality occurred in double direction. Keywords. Economic growth, Minimum wage, Employment, Unemployment. JEL. F43, E24, J31.
In this article, long term data is analyzed for the total growth of the world economy and the gro... more In this article, long term data is analyzed for the total growth of the world economy and the growth of developed (G7) and of the rapid developing economies. BRICS countries are known countries with their meetings since 2008. Rapidly developing countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Indonesia and Korea are defined as MATIKin thisanalysisexceptthecountriesfor BRICS meeting. Especially, the basic hypotheses of this study is that BRICS+MATIK countries whose economic shares slowly increase were compared with G-7 and the global economy, i) Help of BRICS+MATIK economies rapidly increase for the growth rate of world economy: ii)They’re the hypotheses that BRICS+MATIK economies are cointegrated with the growth of world economy in long term. In this way, it may be possible that the help of G-7 is compared with the help of BRICS+MATIK economies for the growth of world economy. The study uses the annual data of the 1962-2012 periods. Time series analysis is used to test the hypotheses....
International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 2019
The study investigates the relationship between the labor force participation rate for both male ... more The study investigates the relationship between the labor force participation rate for both male and female, gross fixed capital formation, and economic growth in Bangladesh using the annual time series data from 1991 to 2017. The results find two bidirectional nexus that one is between total labor force participation and economic growth and second is between gross fixed capital formations and economic growth whereas the findings also show a unidirectional causal association from female labor force participation to economic progress for Bangladesh. The study also finds that both total labor force participation and female labor force participation have short-run positive significant effects on the economic development for Bangladesh but adverse effects in the long run. On the contrary gross fixed capital formation contains short term significant negative indication on the economic growth but has an explicit positive considerable impact on the economic development of Bangladesh. The g...
This study investigates the causality relationship between public sector spending and economic gr... more This study investigates the causality relationship between public sector spending and economic growth. Although a relationship between these two variables is traditionally accepted, the direction of this causality relationship has widely been discussed. The relationship in which the increase of public sector spending moves together with the growth is called as Wagner’s Law and it is examined through developing countries’ data. As being developing country group, there is a huge literature about “BRICS countries”. The unique contribution of this study is that it defines a new developing country group as “MATIK countries” and it analyzes BRICS and MATIK (BM) countries together. Therefore, the validity of Wagner’s Law is tested on economic growth and public spending figures of these country groups which have significant population and economic size in world economy. As a result of Granger Causality Test for the period of 1961-2013, findings are obtained as Wagner’s Law is not valid for ...
This text is for the relation between credit default swap (CDS) spreads and some chosen macro eco... more This text is for the relation between credit default swap (CDS) spreads and some chosen macro economic data in Turkish economy. Credit default swap spread as an insurance spread is the most important sign for the solvency of the debitors in that country about the securities that public sector and companies export in an economy. Thus, the decisions of investors for the investment feasibility related to economy are based on the information that was supplied by these spreads. Therefore, the credit default swap spreads have become a kind of reliability index. Moreover, they have become an information source about the general view of economy except the investee securities. In this study, the relation between the interest rates of CDS spreads and GDP is determined over time.
In the present study, labor markets were analyzed, in particular, the reasons of low labor force ... more In the present study, labor markets were analyzed, in particular, the reasons of low labor force rate to make sense based on the data of Turkish economy. While in the advanced economies, the labor force rate is quite high and has small fluctuations around a certain extent over a long-term. In the Turkish economy, it prominently falls in a long-term. Turkey is 18th by population size and 17th by GDP in world ranking and although its population effectively provides labor force rate, it will be highly effective on its economic growth. The study that based on co-integration analysis with long-term of the labor data with respect to the economy of Turkey concluded that labor variables concern with GDP and co-integration in a long-term. In particular, when the presence of strong relation between the growth and the non-institutional population is produced, it is emphasized that the present relation between the growth and the labor variable isn’t strong enough.
This article remarks that the activities of the international capital flows and the foreign direc... more This article remarks that the activities of the international capital flows and the foreign direct investment increase, influence the growth process of countries. The economies attach more importance to these two factors in each passing day. On the other hand, the exposure degrees of host countries increase through the fluctuations. Especially, markets can fluctuate on a short notice because of the high speed of the capital movements. Therefore, countries mostly prefer to host the foreign direct investments. Thus, it is thought that countries can gain stability in a long term. However, this time, the damaging natural environment becomes a current issue with the labor force and natural sources that may be adapted to the technology transferred by direct foreign capital. This study empirically researched the actions of the foreign direct investments and portfolio investments on the growth that is theoretically presented for the finance of growth. The long term relation is researched by...
In this study, the analysis was that the capacity of creating inflation depends on oil prices as ... more In this study, the analysis was that the capacity of creating inflation depends on oil prices as the one of energy types that is a major input of aggregate output which becomes a source of economic growth with increasing in costs. The aggregate output is also a function of energy that is the one of production inputs. Moreover, energy is an imported by several countries because it is acquired from the limited sources around the world. It causes inflation of importing countries to exporting countries through oil prices. At the same time, the rises of oil prices causes inflation because it increases the product costs. The second argument is that the increasing of aggregate output is generally affected by energy use, and is privately affected by oil use. In that case, oil import is both efficient on inflation and on growth. Tested hypothesis in the study is that oil prices have an inflationary effect because of its effect on costs, and is that this activity will negatively affect the gr...
Klasik iktisat ücretlerin uzun dönemde geçimlik düzeye ulaşacağını öngörmüştür. Keynes ise, sendi... more Klasik iktisat ücretlerin uzun dönemde geçimlik düzeye ulaşacağını öngörmüştür. Keynes ise, sendikal etkinliklerle birlikte ücretlerin aşağıya doğru yapışkan olacağını savunmuştur. 1930’lu yıllardan beridir hükümetler, çalışanların gelir düzeylerini desteklemek için asgari ücret yasaları çıkartmaya başlamışlardır. Böylelikle asgari ücret de bir ücret yapışkanlığı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Uzun dönemde ücretler yükseliyor olsa da ücretler hala üretimden düşük pay almaya devam etmektedirler. Ana akım iktisat analizi, ücretlerin gereğinden fazla yükselmesinin ücret-fiyat sarmalı nedeniyle enflasyona yol açacağını öne sürmektedir. Bu nedenle, işsizliğin yarattığı baskıyla da birlikte, ücretler farklı gerekçelerle baskı altına alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinin 2005:01-2012:03 dönemine ait çeyreklik verileri ile zaman serileri yöntemine başvurarak, asgari ücretin, ücret yapışkanlığı etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Ulaşılan sonuçların başında, asgari ücretin, yoksulluk sınırı ile...
In this article, long term data is analysed for the total growth of the world economy and the gro... more In this article, long term data is analysed for the total growth of the world economy and the growth of developed (G7) and of the rapid developing economies. BRICS that is Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa 2008. Rapidly developing countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Indonesia and Korea are defined as MATIK. The total population of BRICS and MATIK countries generate 49,16% of the the world’s population, and their economic size generates 26,46% of total world economy. Especially, the basic hypotheses of this study is that BRICS+MATIK countries whose economic shares slowly increase were compared with G-7 and the global economy, i) help of BRICS+MATIK economies rapidly increase the growth rate of global economy: ii)They’re the hypotheses that BRICS+MATIK economies caused structural breakage in the growth rate of world economy. In this way, it may be possible that the help of G-7 is compared with the help of BRICS+MATIK economies for the growth of world economy. The ...
Nüfus artışı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki üzerine uzun zaman tartışmalar yapılmış olsa d... more Nüfus artışı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki üzerine uzun zaman tartışmalar yapılmış olsa da günümüzde, nüfus artışının ekonomik büyüme ile doğru yönlü bir ilişkisi olduğu yönünde genel bir kanaat vardır. Bu düşünce ampirik çalışmalar tarafından da desteklenmektedir. Ancak nüfus artışıyla doğru yönlü ilerleyen bir büyümeye rağmen, nüfusun işgücüne katılma oranıyla ters yönde (veya etkisiz) ilerlemesi bir paradoks olarak görülmektedir. Bu paradoks, “istihdam yaratmayan büyüme” ve “niteliksiz büyüme” kavramlarını ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, GSYİH ile nüfus ve işgücü arasında doğrusal bir ilişki söz konusu olmasına rağmen, işgücüne katılma oranının sabit kalmasına (veya çok düşük artmasına) bir açıklama aranmaktadır. Resmi açıklamalar, bu paradoksu kadın nüfusun işgücüne katılımındaki yetersizlik ile tarım sektöründeki istihdamın düşüyor olması yönündedir. Bu çalışmada, büyümenin niceliksel olmasına rağmen, bu niceliğin nitelik yaratmadığına dikkat çekilmeye çalışılmakta...
Bu çalışma, ekonomik büyümenin arz ve talep cephelerinin yansımaları olan gelir ve tüketim harcam... more Bu çalışma, ekonomik büyümenin arz ve talep cephelerinin yansımaları olan gelir ve tüketim harcamaları analiz edilmektedir. Tüketim harcamalarının, tüketicilerin gelir düzeylerinden nasıl etkilendiğini açıklamaya çalışan altı temel hipotez vardır ve bunlardan en yaygını Friedman’ın “Sürekli Gelir Hipotezi”dir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisi verileri üzerinden bu hipotez için kanıtlar aranmaktadır. 2004:01-2012:03 dönemine ait çeyreklik verilerle yapılan zaman serileri analizi sonucunda, tüketicilerin, tüketim harcamalarının cari gelirlerinden etkilendiği gibi, gelecek dönem beklentilerinden de etkilenmektedir. Nitekim beklentiler, tüketim harcamalarının Granger nedeni olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu bulgu, Friedman’ın Sürekli Gelir Hipotezi’ne Türkiye ekonomisi için kanıt olarak gösterilebilir.
In the present study, labor markets were analyzed, in particular, the reasons of low labor force ... more In the present study, labor markets were analyzed, in particular, the reasons of low labor force rate to make sense based on the data of Turkish economy. While in the advanced economies, the labor force rate is quite high and has small fluctuations around a certain extent over a long-term. In the Turkish economy, prominently falls in a long-term. Turkey is ranked at 18th by population size and ranked at 17th by GDP in the world and although its population effectively provides labor force rate, it will be highly effective on its economic growth. The study based on cointegration analysis with long-term labor data with respect to the economy of Turkey concluded that labor variables concern with GDP and cointegration in a long-term. In particular, when the presence of strong relation between the growth and the non-institutional population is produced, it is emphasized that the present relation between the growth and the labor variable isn’t strong enough.
Uploads
Books by Bilal KARGI
Papers by Bilal KARGI