changes in crying time between groups in these two positive studies did not cover the whole study... more changes in crying time between groups in these two positive studies did not cover the whole study period but certain aspects and periods. There was no blinding validation in the two other studies, and one of them was not truly randomized . Moreover, they did not discuss the clinical relevance of the observed differences, which we, as general practitioners, consider essential.
The current study set out to identify distress in cancer patients undergoing curative treatment w... more The current study set out to identify distress in cancer patients undergoing curative treatment within India. This study was carried out to measure distress and contributory factors in 103 cancer patients undergoing treatment with curative intent. The patients were interviewed using the Distress Inventory for Cancer (DI-C). The data on social, demographic, clinical, treatment, and follow-up details was collected from case records. The distress score for individual respondents ranged from 34 to 90 (mean 62.3). Patients with lower income, those who were single/widowed, or divorced, those living between 150 and 350 km (3-6 h commuting distance) from the cancer centre, presence of pain and patients with advanced tumours at presentation showed higher distress. A higher distress score correlated significantly with patients being lost to follow-up.
A lot of emphasis is now being placed in early identification of 'distress', a state that lies be... more A lot of emphasis is now being placed in early identification of 'distress', a state that lies between the feelings of sadness and apprehension, and clinically defined syndromes. It is assumed that an intervention at this stage will check the progression along the continuum in cancer patients. We have been working in global distress in cancer patients undergoing multimodality treatment with curative intent, for over 5 years. It all started with the generation of a hypothesis which led to the development of the 'Distress Inventory for Cancer', its refinement, and finally to modelling distress.
ABSTRACT Background and aims: The practice of orogastric tube insertion has become quite popular ... more ABSTRACT Background and aims: The practice of orogastric tube insertion has become quite popular in NICU's over the years. The present study was undertaken with an aim of assesing the pain associated with orogastric tube insertion across gestational age subgroups and the effect of oral sucrose on decreasing this pain.
... from Type-I1 Censored Samples M. Pandey U. S. Singh Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Banara... more ... from Type-I1 Censored Samples M. Pandey U. S. Singh Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ... This shrunken estimator is compared with shrunken estimators given by Bain, Singh & Bhatkulikar, and Pandey. ...
... A Bayes Predictive Distribution Approach S. K. Upadhyay M. Pandey Banaras Hindu University, V... more ... A Bayes Predictive Distribution Approach S. K. Upadhyay M. Pandey Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ... prediction limits have also been considered by Lawless [8], Engelhardt & Bain [4, 51, Pandey & Upadhyay [12], etc. ...
In this paper, we investigate the problem of point and interval estimations for the modified Weib... more In this paper, we investigate the problem of point and interval estimations for the modified Weibull distribution (MWD) using progressively type-II censored sample. The maximum likelihood (ML), Bayes, and parametric bootstrap methods are used for estimating the unknown parameters as well as some lifetime parameters (reliability and hazard functions). Also, we propose to apply Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to carry out a Bayesian estimation procedure. Bayes estimates and the credible intervals are obtained under the assumptions of informative and noninformative priors. The results of Bayes method are obtained under both the balanced squared error loss (bSEL) and balanced linearexponential (bLINEX) loss. We show that these loss functions are more general, which include the MLE and both symmetric and asymmetric Bayes estimates as special cases. Finally, Two real data sets have been analyzed for illustrative purposes.
European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), 1999
Survival analysis in clinical studies is important to assess the effectiveness of a given treatme... more Survival analysis in clinical studies is important to assess the effectiveness of a given treatment and to understand the effect of various disease characteristics. A number of methods exist to estimate the survival rate and its standard error. However, one cannot be certain that these methods have been handled appropriately. The widespread use of computers has made it possible to carry out survival analysis without expert guidance, but using inappropriate methods can give rise to erroneous conclusions. The majority of the biomedical journals now recommend that a statistical review of each manuscript should be carried out by an experienced bio-statistician, in addition to obtaining expert referees' comments on the article. The problem is compounded in papers from third-world countries where bio-statisticians may not be available in all institutions to guide clinicians as to the selection of proper techniques. The present paper deals with the various techniques of survival analysis and their interpretation, using a modal data set of malignant upper-aerodigestive tract melanoma patients treated in the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum since 1982. The Kaplan-Meier method was found to be the most suitable for survival analysis. The median survival time is a better method of summarizing data than the mean. Rothman's method of estimation of the confidence limit is better than Peto's method as the confidence limit for survival probability tends to go beyond the range of 0-1.0 when calculated by Peto's method, especially when the sample size is small. The results from the present study suggest that survival analysis should be carried out by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median survival time should be provided wherever possible, rather than relying on mean survival. Confidence limits should be calculated as a measure of variability. A suitable rank test should be used to compare two or more survival curves, rather than a Z-test. Stratified analysis and Cox's model, when stratified analysis fails, can be used to define the impact of prognostic factors on survival.
A sequence-specific electrochemical sexually transmitted disease (STD) sensor based on self-assem... more A sequence-specific electrochemical sexually transmitted disease (STD) sensor based on self-assembled monolayer of thiolated DNA probe specific to target opa gene for detection of Gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted disease has been fabricated. 6-Mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) has been used as a blocking agent to facilitate oligos "stand" up at the surface, a configuration favoring subsequent DNA hybridization and to repel non-specific adsorption of undesired DNA. The results of differential pulse voltammetric studies of this STD sensor reveal low detection limit (1.0 × 10 −18 M) and a wide dynamic range (from 1.0 × 10 −6 M to 0.5 × 10 −18 M) arising due to the stable hybridization using methylene blue as an electro-active DNA hybridization indicator. The experimental results with genomic DNA, clinical patient sample of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, culture of non-N. gonorrhoeae Neisseria species (NgNS) and gram negative bacteria indicate that the fabricated sensor is specific to this STD.
changes in crying time between groups in these two positive studies did not cover the whole study... more changes in crying time between groups in these two positive studies did not cover the whole study period but certain aspects and periods. There was no blinding validation in the two other studies, and one of them was not truly randomized . Moreover, they did not discuss the clinical relevance of the observed differences, which we, as general practitioners, consider essential.
The current study set out to identify distress in cancer patients undergoing curative treatment w... more The current study set out to identify distress in cancer patients undergoing curative treatment within India. This study was carried out to measure distress and contributory factors in 103 cancer patients undergoing treatment with curative intent. The patients were interviewed using the Distress Inventory for Cancer (DI-C). The data on social, demographic, clinical, treatment, and follow-up details was collected from case records. The distress score for individual respondents ranged from 34 to 90 (mean 62.3). Patients with lower income, those who were single/widowed, or divorced, those living between 150 and 350 km (3-6 h commuting distance) from the cancer centre, presence of pain and patients with advanced tumours at presentation showed higher distress. A higher distress score correlated significantly with patients being lost to follow-up.
A lot of emphasis is now being placed in early identification of 'distress', a state that lies be... more A lot of emphasis is now being placed in early identification of 'distress', a state that lies between the feelings of sadness and apprehension, and clinically defined syndromes. It is assumed that an intervention at this stage will check the progression along the continuum in cancer patients. We have been working in global distress in cancer patients undergoing multimodality treatment with curative intent, for over 5 years. It all started with the generation of a hypothesis which led to the development of the 'Distress Inventory for Cancer', its refinement, and finally to modelling distress.
ABSTRACT Background and aims: The practice of orogastric tube insertion has become quite popular ... more ABSTRACT Background and aims: The practice of orogastric tube insertion has become quite popular in NICU's over the years. The present study was undertaken with an aim of assesing the pain associated with orogastric tube insertion across gestational age subgroups and the effect of oral sucrose on decreasing this pain.
... from Type-I1 Censored Samples M. Pandey U. S. Singh Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Banara... more ... from Type-I1 Censored Samples M. Pandey U. S. Singh Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ... This shrunken estimator is compared with shrunken estimators given by Bain, Singh & Bhatkulikar, and Pandey. ...
... A Bayes Predictive Distribution Approach S. K. Upadhyay M. Pandey Banaras Hindu University, V... more ... A Bayes Predictive Distribution Approach S. K. Upadhyay M. Pandey Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ... prediction limits have also been considered by Lawless [8], Engelhardt & Bain [4, 51, Pandey & Upadhyay [12], etc. ...
In this paper, we investigate the problem of point and interval estimations for the modified Weib... more In this paper, we investigate the problem of point and interval estimations for the modified Weibull distribution (MWD) using progressively type-II censored sample. The maximum likelihood (ML), Bayes, and parametric bootstrap methods are used for estimating the unknown parameters as well as some lifetime parameters (reliability and hazard functions). Also, we propose to apply Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to carry out a Bayesian estimation procedure. Bayes estimates and the credible intervals are obtained under the assumptions of informative and noninformative priors. The results of Bayes method are obtained under both the balanced squared error loss (bSEL) and balanced linearexponential (bLINEX) loss. We show that these loss functions are more general, which include the MLE and both symmetric and asymmetric Bayes estimates as special cases. Finally, Two real data sets have been analyzed for illustrative purposes.
European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), 1999
Survival analysis in clinical studies is important to assess the effectiveness of a given treatme... more Survival analysis in clinical studies is important to assess the effectiveness of a given treatment and to understand the effect of various disease characteristics. A number of methods exist to estimate the survival rate and its standard error. However, one cannot be certain that these methods have been handled appropriately. The widespread use of computers has made it possible to carry out survival analysis without expert guidance, but using inappropriate methods can give rise to erroneous conclusions. The majority of the biomedical journals now recommend that a statistical review of each manuscript should be carried out by an experienced bio-statistician, in addition to obtaining expert referees' comments on the article. The problem is compounded in papers from third-world countries where bio-statisticians may not be available in all institutions to guide clinicians as to the selection of proper techniques. The present paper deals with the various techniques of survival analysis and their interpretation, using a modal data set of malignant upper-aerodigestive tract melanoma patients treated in the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum since 1982. The Kaplan-Meier method was found to be the most suitable for survival analysis. The median survival time is a better method of summarizing data than the mean. Rothman's method of estimation of the confidence limit is better than Peto's method as the confidence limit for survival probability tends to go beyond the range of 0-1.0 when calculated by Peto's method, especially when the sample size is small. The results from the present study suggest that survival analysis should be carried out by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median survival time should be provided wherever possible, rather than relying on mean survival. Confidence limits should be calculated as a measure of variability. A suitable rank test should be used to compare two or more survival curves, rather than a Z-test. Stratified analysis and Cox's model, when stratified analysis fails, can be used to define the impact of prognostic factors on survival.
A sequence-specific electrochemical sexually transmitted disease (STD) sensor based on self-assem... more A sequence-specific electrochemical sexually transmitted disease (STD) sensor based on self-assembled monolayer of thiolated DNA probe specific to target opa gene for detection of Gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted disease has been fabricated. 6-Mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) has been used as a blocking agent to facilitate oligos "stand" up at the surface, a configuration favoring subsequent DNA hybridization and to repel non-specific adsorption of undesired DNA. The results of differential pulse voltammetric studies of this STD sensor reveal low detection limit (1.0 × 10 −18 M) and a wide dynamic range (from 1.0 × 10 −6 M to 0.5 × 10 −18 M) arising due to the stable hybridization using methylene blue as an electro-active DNA hybridization indicator. The experimental results with genomic DNA, clinical patient sample of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, culture of non-N. gonorrhoeae Neisseria species (NgNS) and gram negative bacteria indicate that the fabricated sensor is specific to this STD.
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