Papers by Osama Althunibat
Biomolecules and Biomedicine
Taxifolin (TA) is a natural flavonoid found in many foods and medicinal plants with well-document... more Taxifolin (TA) is a natural flavonoid found in many foods and medicinal plants with well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an effective antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent; however, it is associated with numerous adverse events, including hepatotoxicity. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of TA using a mouse model of CP-induced hepatotoxicity. Mice were co-treated with TA (25 and 50 mg/kg, orally) and CP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and sacrificed 24 hours later. CP induced increased transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) paralleled with pronounced histopathological alterations in the liver. Moreover, hepatic tissues of CP-injected mice showed increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, accompanied by decreased antioxidant defenses (glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and catalase [CAT]). Li...
Electronic Journal of General Medicine
Practicing restricted weight loss diet programs (WLDPs) without proper supervision can result in ... more Practicing restricted weight loss diet programs (WLDPs) without proper supervision can result in nutritional deficiency, which can lead to the development of several nutritional disorders. The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the impact of WLDPs practiced by university female students on the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, anemia, and organs dysfunction, and to assess the association of identified anomalies with dieting practices and dietary habits of university female students. A total of 185 (105 dieting and 80 non-dieting) volunteers’ female students at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University participated in this study. After the participants answered a questionnaire, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis, and the body mass index (BMI) was determined. The results show that there were no significant differences between dieting and non-dieting groups in biochemical markers of kidney and liver functions as well as serum levels of...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Despite its effectiveness in treating inflammatory diseases and various malignancies, methotrexat... more Despite its effectiveness in treating inflammatory diseases and various malignancies, methotrexate (MTX) is well known to cause hepatotoxicity, which involves increased oxidative stress and inflammation, limiting its clinical use. Herein, we looked into the effect of punicalagin (PU), a polyphenolic molecule having a variety of health-promoting attributes, on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. PU (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) was given orally to the mice for 10 days, while a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at day 7. The MTX-induced liver damage was demonstrated by remarkably higher transaminases (ALT and AST), ALP, and LDH, as well as significant histological alterations in hepatic tissues. MTX-injected mice also demonstrated increases in hepatic oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), with a concordant drop in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. PU significantly...
Metabolites
Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). Th... more Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 15 days and received CP (150 mg/kg) on day 16. CP caused liver damage manifested by an elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histological alterations, including granular vacuolation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hydropic changes. Hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in CP-administered rats. CP upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS, along with the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with API ameliorated circulating transaminases, ALP, and LDH, and prevented histop...
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2022
The essential oils from the dried leaves of Thymus capitatus was isolated by steam distillation. ... more The essential oils from the dried leaves of Thymus capitatus was isolated by steam distillation. The collected oil were analyzed by GC-MS and also evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity. Twenty-two compounds, constituting about 95.4% of the total oil, were identified. The main constituents were thymol (39.2%), p-cymene (19.4%), carvacrol (11.8%) and g-terpinene (7.4%). The antibacterial activity of the oil was estimated using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against four bacteria. The essential oils wer found to show a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacteria. The essential oil were equally active against Gram-negative and ram-positive bacteria
his study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Thymus capitatus and two of its ... more his study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Thymus capitatus and two of its major components namely thymol and carvacrol. The dried leaves were extracted using soxhlet apparatus. Thymol and carvacrol were isolated using normal phase column chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the leaves extract, thymol and carvacrol were estimated using agar disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against four bacterial strains. The leaves extract was found to show a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacteria. The purified compounds exhibited relatively stronger antibacterial activity than the extract. Thymol fraction exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than carvacrol. Thymol fraction exhibited MIC values ranging from 0.005 – 0.008 mg/mL while carvacrol fraction exhibited MIC values ranging from 0.007 – 0.008 mg/mL.
The antibacterial effect of Moringa peregrina (leaves, roots and seeds) ethanolic extracts were i... more The antibacterial effect of Moringa peregrina (leaves, roots and seeds) ethanolic extracts were investigated. The effect of plant extracts were tested against three bacterial species: Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 43300)Image and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883). M. peregrina ethanolic extracts showed significant antibacterial effect on the three tested bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. The inhibition zones caused by leaf ethanolic extracts were 14 to 30, 8 to 19 and 9 to 22 mm in diameter against E. coli, K. pneumonia, and S. aureus, respectively. Root ethanolic extracts showed inhibition zones as 18 to 42, 44 to 59 and 34 to 45 mm in diameter against E. coli, K. Image pneumonia, and S. aureus, Image respectively. Seed extract Imagecaused inhibitory zones of 16 to 38, 6 to 32 and 6 to 18 mm in diameter against E. coli,Image Image K. pneumonia and S. aureus, respectively. The Image results showed that the...
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 2017
Alnaimat S, Shattal SA, AlthunibatO, Alsbou E, Amasha R. 2017. Iron (II) and other heavy-metal to... more Alnaimat S, Shattal SA, AlthunibatO, Alsbou E, Amasha R. 2017. Iron (II) and other heavy-metal tolerance in bacteria isolated from rock varnish in the arid region of Al-Jafer Basin, Jordan. Biodiversitas 18: 1250-1257. This study deals with enumeration, identification and molecular characterization of bacterial species tolerant of iron (II) and other heavy metals that isolated from rock varnish collected from the arid region of Al-Jafer Basin, Jordan. Based on conventional culture-dependent methods, six isolates exhibited a high degree of tolerance to iron (II) and other heavy metals with a minimum inhibitory concentration (550–600 mg/L) to iron, (500-550 mg/L) to lead, (350 mg/L) to copper, (400-450 mg/L) to chromium, (150-200 mg/L) to silver, and (150-200 mg/L) to mercury, in solid media. The results showed that all isolates could tolerate 2000 mg/L Fe2+ expressed as maximum tolerance concentration (MTC). The multiple metal resistances of these isolates were also associated with...
Eurycoma Iongifolia Jack (E. L), which is known as Tongkat Ali is a plant which grows up to10 met... more Eurycoma Iongifolia Jack (E. L), which is known as Tongkat Ali is a plant which grows up to10 meters high and is found in primary and secondary evergreen and mixed deciduous forests in Burma, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines.It has become famous as a sexual enhancer since it has been proved by various studies to increase the serum testosterone levels in male rats and humans. Recently it has also been shown to increase muscle mass in rats .That made us interested to find out if there is any change in the body fat content which is reflected through the serum leptin concentration. Leptin is a 16 kDa protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. It is one of the most important adipose derived hormones.The Ob (Lep) gene is located on chromosome 7 in humans. It is manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. Objectives: To study the effect of Eurycoma Longifolia jack (E. L.) extract on the serum leptin level of male rats. Methodology: Mature male Albino Wistar rats where used in this study, we measured the rats’ serum leptin and testosterone level before receiving treatment (control), the rats were divided into two groups ,group A received 5mg/kg body weight twice daily of pure 100:1 concentration E.L. extract, group B received 10mg/kg body weight twice daily of the same extract . The duration of treatment was 6 weeks for both groups. At the end of the experiment, we analyzed the serum leptin and testosterone levels in both groups. Results: The mean serum leptin and testosterone levels for the control group were 1.13ng/ml, 0.79ng/L, group A 1.08ng/ml, 0.98ng/L group B 0.89ng/ml,1.75ng/L respectively. Statistical analysis showed that serum leptin level of group B was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.001) and group A(p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant difference in serum leptin levels were observed between the control group and group A. The serum testosterone level was significantly higher in group B than control and group A. Conclusion: According to our results we can see that E.L. extract can significantly decrease serum leptin levels however,the effect is dose dependant and maybe affected by the significant rise in serum testosterone level that occurs in group B only. This conclusion is based on previous studies that have reported the existence of a negative correlation between serum testosterone and leptin concentrations.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009
This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and organic extracts... more This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of Thymus capitatus L. (Lamiaceae) leaves and stems. Dried ground powder leaves and stems were extracted with water (aqueous extracts), ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane (Soxhlet extracts). The antibacterial activity of these extracts was evaluated against bacteria using disc diffusion method. The result obtained showed that the leaves had stronger antibacterial activity than the stems extracts. The ethanolic extract had the highest yield products and the high antibacterial activity than all other solvents. The results suggest that essential oil as non-polar organic compounds could be the main active compounds in this plant. Therefore the antibacterial activity of leaves ethanol extracts (LEE) was compared with essential oils leaves extracts (LEO) of T. capitatus. The LEO showed greater antibacterial activity than LEE. The LEO showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and the ...
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012
Recently there was huge increase in using of 'herbal products'. These can be defined as p... more Recently there was huge increase in using of 'herbal products'. These can be defined as plants, parts of plants or extracts from plants that are used for curing disease. However, Calophyllum species is a tropical plant and it has been used in traditional medicine, the limitation in safety and effectiveness information could lead to serious health problems. Providing information for communities by evaluating the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities will improve the therapeutic values. Three main Calophyllum canum fractions (none - high polar) were tested to find out the phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol content, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and chelating iron ions. Also were tested against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. In addition, cytotoxic activity was assayed against lung cancer A549 cell line. The methanol fraction showed no bioac...
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2014
In other words, sponge metabolites could be synthesised by the sponge itself (Garson et al., 1992... more In other words, sponge metabolites could be synthesised by the sponge itself (Garson et al., 1992; Pomponi and Willoughby, 1994) or it is obtained from other sources. The sources are thought to be limited to the symbiotic microbes or to the free living microbes in the marine environment (Lindquist et al., 2005).
Process Biochemistry, 2010
Noise and Health, 2013
Several epidemiologic studies have reported that exposure to noise is associated with cardiovascu... more Several epidemiologic studies have reported that exposure to noise is associated with cardiovascular disease. The increased body weight is often associated with metabolic as well as increased blood pressure. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the elevation of blood pressure and serum leptin hormones due to the effects of noise in the work place. A total of 80 volunteer males where included in this study with an age range between of 20 and 45 years, they were divided in two groups equally, the 1 st group were exposed to noise in the workplace while the 2 nd group were not. The individual noise exposure was determined by using a sound level meter. The range of noise was 80-100 dBA. Body Mass Index was also taken for each individual by a standard measure, blood pressure was measured by OMRON sphygmomanometer and serum leptin was measured through venous blood sample analysis enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman rank order correlation was used to examine the correlations between Blood pressure value (Systolic, Diastolic) and Leptin. All the relationships between parameters showed a positive correlation. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values had a significant correlation to leptin hormone level in comparison to the control. There was a significant relation between leptin and blood pressure. leptin effects on the sympathetic nervous system may provide a partial explanation. Therefore, Leptin might have diverse cardiovascular actions.
Eurycoma longifolia jack(E.L) root extract has become famous for giving enhanced sexual performan... more Eurycoma longifolia jack(E.L) root extract has become famous for giving enhanced sexual performance ability through elevation of serum testosterone levels in males. However, although very widely used, it's possible adverse effects are poorly studied .The objective of this study is to find out if there are any pathological changes that occur in the prostate of rats due to consumption of E.L. root extract. Methodology:45 male rats where used in this study , they were divided into three groups ,group(A) contain 5 rats that represent the control group who did not receive any treatment, group (B) with 20 rats ,received 5mg/Kg twice daily of 100:1 freeze dried water extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots and group (C) with 20 rats received 10mg/kg body weight twice daily of the same extract .The duration of treatment for both groups was 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was obtained from the rats and serum testosterone level (T) was analyzed. The rats were then terminat...
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
Background The aim of this study, is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity, the total ... more Background The aim of this study, is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity, the total phenols content, the flavonoids content and the antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts of the plants: Krameria erecta, Struthanthus palmeri, Phoradendron californicum, Senna covesii and Stegnosperma halimifolium, used by different ethnic groups from northwestern Mexico in the treatment and cure of various diseases. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), the total phenols content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau assay, the flavonoids content by the AlCl3 colorimetric method and the antiproliferative activity (line cells HeLa, RAW 264.7, M12Ak.C3.F6 and L929) using MTT method. Results The K. erecta extract showed the higher radical scavenging activity (67.88%), antioxidant activity by FRAP (1.41 mg Trolox Eq), the highest total phenols content (598.51 mg Galic Acid Eq/g ex...
The Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 2013
to study the effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract on the prostate tissue of male rats and t... more to study the effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract on the prostate tissue of male rats and to find out if there are any pathological changes occurring in the prostate due to its use. Methodology: 45 male rats where used in this study, they were divided into three groups ,group 1 contain 5 rats that represent the control group, group 2 has 20 rats and group 3 with 20 rats. The rats in group 1 received no treatment, group2 received 5mg/Kg body weight twice daily of 100:1 water extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots, group3 received 10mg/kg body weight twice daily of the same extract .The duration of treatment for both groups was 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment the rats where terminated and prostatic tissue was obtained and processed into haematoxiline and eosin stained slides which were observed under light microscope. Results: histopathological examination of the specimens revealed that there were no significant observable changes in group 2 in comparison with the control group while group 3 showed a marked cell proliferation of the prostatic gland lining epithelium that appeared as infolding and multi-layering of the usual single layer columnar epithelium and also we observed areas of mild dysplastic changes in the lining epithelium characterized by nuclear enlargement and irregularities in the nuclear membrane. Conclusion: From the findings we can conclude that increasing the dose of extract may lead to abnormal proliferation in the prostatic epithelium and the presence of dysplastic changes may progress to more severe dysplasia and even malignant changes may occur with high doses or prolonged treatment.
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Papers by Osama Althunibat