„Васил Левски“ – „Нови документи и изследвания“: „Памет за Апостола“, 2024
This article analyses the archival documents I came across in the course of my own research on th... more This article analyses the archival documents I came across in the course of my own research on the Bulgarian Central Revolutionary Committee and Vasil Levski, who was both the head of this committee and the organizer of the planned revolution in Bulgaria, the archives in which these documents were found, and the specific ways in which they were recorded. In addition to providing information about the relevant archives and funds in which the documents were found, examples are used to show the problems that can be encountered during research due to the spelling of the Ottoman Turkish language, especially the spelling of proper names. The article also aims to serve as a guide for researchers who want to work on the topic in archives that contain important documents about the Bulgarian revolutionary movement.
Before the signing of the 1934 Balkan Pact, the Republic of Türkiye had signed bilateral agreemen... more Before the signing of the 1934 Balkan Pact, the Republic of Türkiye had signed bilateral agreements with several other Balkan states. Although the Bulgarian government refused to join this pact, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments did their best to maintain good diplomatic relations. However, a Bulgarian movie titled The Slave Rebellion and directed by Vasil Gendov happened to cause a serious crisis in these relations. The movie featured the life of the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski and showed the Ottoman “cruelties” inflicted on the Bulgarians in the 1860s and the 1870s. The Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed their embarrassment of the movie’s contents, message and screening and called the Bulgarian government for its immediate ban. The Bulgarian movie critics were also unsatisfied with the artistic interpretation of Vasil Levski’s character and therefore the then Bulgarian Minister of Education Atanas Boyadzhiev banned the screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie featuring the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was banned due to the complaint of the Turkish government.
Keywords: The Slave Rebellion, Vasil Levski, Vasil Gendov, Republic of Türkiye, Bulgaria, cinema, censorship.
Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreeme... more Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreements with the several states in the Balkans. Although the Bulgarian government refused to enter a pact such as the Balkan Entente, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments showed their desires to keep peace through the diplomatic negotiations in the Balkan Peninsula. However, an advertisement of a movie titled The Slaves' Revolt published in both Bulgarian and Turkish newspaper caused to be interrupted of the peaceful negotiations between Turkey and Bulgaria. The movie, because, was based on the story of the Bulgarian revolutionary and the national hero of Bulgaria, Vasil Levski, and showed the "cruelties" inflicted on Bulgarians by the Ottomans in 1860s and 1870s. Due to its the precarious screenplay Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and Turkish Foreign Ministry remonstrated the screening of the movie and claimed the movie to banned. Considering to be given harsh criticism about The Slaves' Revolt, Mr. Boyadjiev, Bulgarian Minister of Education, issued a decree and declared that the movie to be banned from screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie based on the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was prevented to be shown publicly on the claim of Turkish government and the diplomats.
Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreeme... more Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreements with the several states in the Balkans. Although the Bulgarian government refused to enter a pact such as the Balkan Entente, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments showed their desires to keep peace through the diplomatic negotiations in the Balkan Peninsula. However, an advertisement of a movie titled The Slaves' Revolt published in both Bulgarian and Turkish newspaper caused to be interrupted of the peaceful negotiations between Turkey and Bulgaria. The movie, because, was based on the story of the Bulgarian revolutionary and the national hero of Bulgaria, Vasil Levski, and showed the "cruelties" inflicted on Bulgarians by the Ottomans in 1860s and 1870s. Due to its the precarious screenplay Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and Turkish Foreign Ministry remonstrated the screening of the movie and claimed the movie to banned. Considering to be given harsh criticism about The Slaves' Revolt, Mr. Boyadjiev, Bulgarian Minister of Education, issued a decree and declared that the movie to be banned from screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie based on the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was prevented to be shown publicly on the claim of Turkish government and the diplomats.
The volume Chasing Levski and the Revolutionaries: New Ottoman Documents (Sofia, 2020, 228 pages)... more The volume Chasing Levski and the Revolutionaries: New Ottoman Documents (Sofia, 2020, 228 pages) includes Bulgarian translation together with transliteration and facsimiles of 36 archival documents preserved in the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul, Turkey. All of them comprise correspondence between the local and central Ottoman authorities with regard to their efforts to prevent the seditious activity of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee in Bucharest, and the Internal Revolutionary Organization in Bulgaria led by Vasil Levski. The documents date from January 1872 to March 1874 and reveal that the Ottoman government was informed in detail about the revolutionary activities in the Bulgarian lands as late as September 1872. In terms of topic, the documents could be divided into the following groups: 1) documents revealing information about the persons, who were involved in the revolutionary organization, and about the measures undertaken by the Ottoman authorities to detect and capture them; 2) documents related to the establishment of a special judicial commission to carry out the legal proceedings against the revolutionaries who were detained and prosecuted in Sofia; 3) documents dealing with the death sentences of the revolutionary leaders Vasil Levski and Dimitar Obshti; 4) documents about the career advancement and rewarding of Ottoman officials for their service in chasing the organization functionaries; 5) documents related to the recovery of financial resources spent out for uncovering and detaining these functionaries; 6) documents granting daily allowance for the revolutionaries who were exiled to Diyarbakır in Southeastern Anatolia.
AN EVALUATION ON THE REVOLUTIONARY ACTIONS AND
THE COURT INTERROGATION OF VASIL LEVSKI, “THE
LEAD... more AN EVALUATION ON THE REVOLUTIONARY ACTIONS AND THE COURT INTERROGATION OF VASIL LEVSKI, “THE LEADER OF THE BULGARIAN MISCHIEF COMMITEE”
Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence movement and the Bulgarian national identity based on his role in the organization and the ideological formation of the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations. Following his education and formation on the theology, Levski became a daskalos. At that time he made contact with the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations, which were formed in Serbia. While Levski was trying to organize an uprising in Bulgaria, he committed crimes such as murder and robbery. He was arrested and put on a trial after an unsuccessful robbery attempt by his comrades. Levski got the death penalty and he was executed on 19 February 1873. In this paper, Levski’s interrogation in the Ottoman court is transliterated for the first time in Turkish, and acts of Levski’s and the revolutionary organization led by him are discussed. Keywords: Vasil Levski, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, First Bulgarian Legion, Second Bulgarian Legion, Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.
Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence movement and ... more Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence movement and the Bulgarian national identity based on his role in the organization and the ideological formation of the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations. Following his education and formation on the theology, Levski became a daskalos. At that time he made contact with the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations, which were formed in Serbia. While Levski was trying to organize an uprising in Bulgaria, he committed crimes such as murder and robbery. He was arrested and put on a trial after an unsuccessful robbery attempt by his comrades. Levski got the death penalty and he was executed on 19 February 1873. In this paper, Levski’s interrogation in the Ottoman court is transliterated for the first time in Turkish, and acts of Levski’s and the revolutionary organization led by him are discussed.
Dünya tarihini bu denli etkileyen Bolşevik İhtilali elbette Rusya'nın güney komşusu Osmanlıların ... more Dünya tarihini bu denli etkileyen Bolşevik İhtilali elbette Rusya'nın güney komşusu Osmanlıların da dikkatle takip ettiği bir hadise olacaktı. Bir yandan gazeteler yabancı ajanslardan elde ettikleri haberleri okura sunarken, öte yandan resmi kanallar yani Osmanlı Hariciyesi de sınırın öbür yakasında meydana gelen olayları gözlüyor ve payitahta iletiyordu.
Refik Nevzad became familiar with the idea of “liberty” while he was studying at Kuleli İdadisi (... more Refik Nevzad became familiar with the idea of “liberty” while he was studying at Kuleli İdadisi (Secondary School) and Military Medical School. He got closer to the Committee of Union and Progress of the future years through the agency of İbrahim Temo and he was sent to Paris with a task to invite Ahmed Rıza Bey to the committee. After a while, he settled in Paris and was impressed by French socialists. Meanwhile, he got in contact with İştirakçı Hilmi’s (Socialist Hilmi) entourage in İstanbul. As a result of this connection, he founded a branch office of Ottoman Socialist Party in Paris and he started to publish a newspaper named Beşeriyet (Humanity- inspired by L'Humanité formerly the daily newspaper linked to the French Communist Party) in the autumn of 1911. However, only six issues of the newspaper could be published. After the publication of the last issue of Beşeriyet, Dr. Refik Nevzad adjourned publishing business for a long time. In 1913 he published three booklets at once. The two of them, Invitation to the Public! dated February 1st and Why Wait!, are about the causes of the Balkan Wars and the political developments in the Ottoman State during the same period. He wrote his booklet titled Invitation to the Public! right after Bâb-ı Âlî Coup on 23rd of January, 1913 and he calls all Ottoman people to unite against the Unionists who were responsible for the coup. At the same time, he claims that first Edirne and then the remaining territories of the Empire in Asia will be lost if people do not overthrow the Union and Progress government which came to power recently during the hardest days of the Siege of Edirne. In his pamphlet that he wrote after the surrender of Edirne to the Bulgarian Army, Why Wait! dated May 1st, his voice became much louder. He blamed the policies of the Unionists not only for the developments that led to the Balkan Wars but also for the defeat in the war. However, it can be seen that Dr. Refik Nevzad saw the developments from a narrow standpoint comparing his ideology with his attitude and analyses regarding the Balkan War. Contrary to what is expected from a socialist observer, he did not touch upon the socio-political causes of the war or military and intellectual war preparations of the Balkan states which gained their independence recently; he only blamed the actions of Union and Progress governments after 1908. Moreover, despite the fact that he used his newspaper Beşeriyet to help end the war and set a meeting with the members of the Second International in Paris during the Trablusgarb Harbi (Tripolitanian War – Turco – Italian War), he did not make such attempts during the Balkan Wars. As he underlined in his other works, he recommends that Union and Progress government and the relations with Germany, the ally of Union and Progress, should be terminated and people should unite and take action for an alliance with France and England in order to enable the Ottoman State to overcome the negative outcomes of the Balkan Wars.
„Васил Левски“ – „Нови документи и изследвания“: „Памет за Апостола“, 2024
This article analyses the archival documents I came across in the course of my own research on th... more This article analyses the archival documents I came across in the course of my own research on the Bulgarian Central Revolutionary Committee and Vasil Levski, who was both the head of this committee and the organizer of the planned revolution in Bulgaria, the archives in which these documents were found, and the specific ways in which they were recorded. In addition to providing information about the relevant archives and funds in which the documents were found, examples are used to show the problems that can be encountered during research due to the spelling of the Ottoman Turkish language, especially the spelling of proper names. The article also aims to serve as a guide for researchers who want to work on the topic in archives that contain important documents about the Bulgarian revolutionary movement.
Before the signing of the 1934 Balkan Pact, the Republic of Türkiye had signed bilateral agreemen... more Before the signing of the 1934 Balkan Pact, the Republic of Türkiye had signed bilateral agreements with several other Balkan states. Although the Bulgarian government refused to join this pact, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments did their best to maintain good diplomatic relations. However, a Bulgarian movie titled The Slave Rebellion and directed by Vasil Gendov happened to cause a serious crisis in these relations. The movie featured the life of the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski and showed the Ottoman “cruelties” inflicted on the Bulgarians in the 1860s and the 1870s. The Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed their embarrassment of the movie’s contents, message and screening and called the Bulgarian government for its immediate ban. The Bulgarian movie critics were also unsatisfied with the artistic interpretation of Vasil Levski’s character and therefore the then Bulgarian Minister of Education Atanas Boyadzhiev banned the screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie featuring the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was banned due to the complaint of the Turkish government.
Keywords: The Slave Rebellion, Vasil Levski, Vasil Gendov, Republic of Türkiye, Bulgaria, cinema, censorship.
Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreeme... more Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreements with the several states in the Balkans. Although the Bulgarian government refused to enter a pact such as the Balkan Entente, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments showed their desires to keep peace through the diplomatic negotiations in the Balkan Peninsula. However, an advertisement of a movie titled The Slaves' Revolt published in both Bulgarian and Turkish newspaper caused to be interrupted of the peaceful negotiations between Turkey and Bulgaria. The movie, because, was based on the story of the Bulgarian revolutionary and the national hero of Bulgaria, Vasil Levski, and showed the "cruelties" inflicted on Bulgarians by the Ottomans in 1860s and 1870s. Due to its the precarious screenplay Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and Turkish Foreign Ministry remonstrated the screening of the movie and claimed the movie to banned. Considering to be given harsh criticism about The Slaves' Revolt, Mr. Boyadjiev, Bulgarian Minister of Education, issued a decree and declared that the movie to be banned from screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie based on the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was prevented to be shown publicly on the claim of Turkish government and the diplomats.
Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreeme... more Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreements with the several states in the Balkans. Although the Bulgarian government refused to enter a pact such as the Balkan Entente, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments showed their desires to keep peace through the diplomatic negotiations in the Balkan Peninsula. However, an advertisement of a movie titled The Slaves' Revolt published in both Bulgarian and Turkish newspaper caused to be interrupted of the peaceful negotiations between Turkey and Bulgaria. The movie, because, was based on the story of the Bulgarian revolutionary and the national hero of Bulgaria, Vasil Levski, and showed the "cruelties" inflicted on Bulgarians by the Ottomans in 1860s and 1870s. Due to its the precarious screenplay Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and Turkish Foreign Ministry remonstrated the screening of the movie and claimed the movie to banned. Considering to be given harsh criticism about The Slaves' Revolt, Mr. Boyadjiev, Bulgarian Minister of Education, issued a decree and declared that the movie to be banned from screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie based on the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was prevented to be shown publicly on the claim of Turkish government and the diplomats.
The volume Chasing Levski and the Revolutionaries: New Ottoman Documents (Sofia, 2020, 228 pages)... more The volume Chasing Levski and the Revolutionaries: New Ottoman Documents (Sofia, 2020, 228 pages) includes Bulgarian translation together with transliteration and facsimiles of 36 archival documents preserved in the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul, Turkey. All of them comprise correspondence between the local and central Ottoman authorities with regard to their efforts to prevent the seditious activity of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee in Bucharest, and the Internal Revolutionary Organization in Bulgaria led by Vasil Levski. The documents date from January 1872 to March 1874 and reveal that the Ottoman government was informed in detail about the revolutionary activities in the Bulgarian lands as late as September 1872. In terms of topic, the documents could be divided into the following groups: 1) documents revealing information about the persons, who were involved in the revolutionary organization, and about the measures undertaken by the Ottoman authorities to detect and capture them; 2) documents related to the establishment of a special judicial commission to carry out the legal proceedings against the revolutionaries who were detained and prosecuted in Sofia; 3) documents dealing with the death sentences of the revolutionary leaders Vasil Levski and Dimitar Obshti; 4) documents about the career advancement and rewarding of Ottoman officials for their service in chasing the organization functionaries; 5) documents related to the recovery of financial resources spent out for uncovering and detaining these functionaries; 6) documents granting daily allowance for the revolutionaries who were exiled to Diyarbakır in Southeastern Anatolia.
AN EVALUATION ON THE REVOLUTIONARY ACTIONS AND
THE COURT INTERROGATION OF VASIL LEVSKI, “THE
LEAD... more AN EVALUATION ON THE REVOLUTIONARY ACTIONS AND THE COURT INTERROGATION OF VASIL LEVSKI, “THE LEADER OF THE BULGARIAN MISCHIEF COMMITEE”
Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence movement and the Bulgarian national identity based on his role in the organization and the ideological formation of the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations. Following his education and formation on the theology, Levski became a daskalos. At that time he made contact with the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations, which were formed in Serbia. While Levski was trying to organize an uprising in Bulgaria, he committed crimes such as murder and robbery. He was arrested and put on a trial after an unsuccessful robbery attempt by his comrades. Levski got the death penalty and he was executed on 19 February 1873. In this paper, Levski’s interrogation in the Ottoman court is transliterated for the first time in Turkish, and acts of Levski’s and the revolutionary organization led by him are discussed. Keywords: Vasil Levski, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, First Bulgarian Legion, Second Bulgarian Legion, Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.
Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence movement and ... more Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence movement and the Bulgarian national identity based on his role in the organization and the ideological formation of the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations. Following his education and formation on the theology, Levski became a daskalos. At that time he made contact with the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations, which were formed in Serbia. While Levski was trying to organize an uprising in Bulgaria, he committed crimes such as murder and robbery. He was arrested and put on a trial after an unsuccessful robbery attempt by his comrades. Levski got the death penalty and he was executed on 19 February 1873. In this paper, Levski’s interrogation in the Ottoman court is transliterated for the first time in Turkish, and acts of Levski’s and the revolutionary organization led by him are discussed.
Dünya tarihini bu denli etkileyen Bolşevik İhtilali elbette Rusya'nın güney komşusu Osmanlıların ... more Dünya tarihini bu denli etkileyen Bolşevik İhtilali elbette Rusya'nın güney komşusu Osmanlıların da dikkatle takip ettiği bir hadise olacaktı. Bir yandan gazeteler yabancı ajanslardan elde ettikleri haberleri okura sunarken, öte yandan resmi kanallar yani Osmanlı Hariciyesi de sınırın öbür yakasında meydana gelen olayları gözlüyor ve payitahta iletiyordu.
Refik Nevzad became familiar with the idea of “liberty” while he was studying at Kuleli İdadisi (... more Refik Nevzad became familiar with the idea of “liberty” while he was studying at Kuleli İdadisi (Secondary School) and Military Medical School. He got closer to the Committee of Union and Progress of the future years through the agency of İbrahim Temo and he was sent to Paris with a task to invite Ahmed Rıza Bey to the committee. After a while, he settled in Paris and was impressed by French socialists. Meanwhile, he got in contact with İştirakçı Hilmi’s (Socialist Hilmi) entourage in İstanbul. As a result of this connection, he founded a branch office of Ottoman Socialist Party in Paris and he started to publish a newspaper named Beşeriyet (Humanity- inspired by L'Humanité formerly the daily newspaper linked to the French Communist Party) in the autumn of 1911. However, only six issues of the newspaper could be published. After the publication of the last issue of Beşeriyet, Dr. Refik Nevzad adjourned publishing business for a long time. In 1913 he published three booklets at once. The two of them, Invitation to the Public! dated February 1st and Why Wait!, are about the causes of the Balkan Wars and the political developments in the Ottoman State during the same period. He wrote his booklet titled Invitation to the Public! right after Bâb-ı Âlî Coup on 23rd of January, 1913 and he calls all Ottoman people to unite against the Unionists who were responsible for the coup. At the same time, he claims that first Edirne and then the remaining territories of the Empire in Asia will be lost if people do not overthrow the Union and Progress government which came to power recently during the hardest days of the Siege of Edirne. In his pamphlet that he wrote after the surrender of Edirne to the Bulgarian Army, Why Wait! dated May 1st, his voice became much louder. He blamed the policies of the Unionists not only for the developments that led to the Balkan Wars but also for the defeat in the war. However, it can be seen that Dr. Refik Nevzad saw the developments from a narrow standpoint comparing his ideology with his attitude and analyses regarding the Balkan War. Contrary to what is expected from a socialist observer, he did not touch upon the socio-political causes of the war or military and intellectual war preparations of the Balkan states which gained their independence recently; he only blamed the actions of Union and Progress governments after 1908. Moreover, despite the fact that he used his newspaper Beşeriyet to help end the war and set a meeting with the members of the Second International in Paris during the Trablusgarb Harbi (Tripolitanian War – Turco – Italian War), he did not make such attempts during the Balkan Wars. As he underlined in his other works, he recommends that Union and Progress government and the relations with Germany, the ally of Union and Progress, should be terminated and people should unite and take action for an alliance with France and England in order to enable the Ottoman State to overcome the negative outcomes of the Balkan Wars.
The Fourth International Conference on Ottoman Istanbul, at Istanbul 29 Mayis University campus o... more The Fourth International Conference on Ottoman Istanbul, at Istanbul 29 Mayis University campus on May 20-22, 2016.
Head of the Org. Comm.: Prof. Ali Akyildiz Academic Secretaries: Ass. Prof. Emrah Safa Gürkan 0 216 474 08 60 Ext. 1624 Cengiz Yolcu 0 216 474 08 60 Ext. 1320 e-mail: [email protected]
Hıristiyanlıktan İslâm'a geçiş [ihtida] meselesi, üzerinde uzun yıllardan beri çalışılmakta olan ... more Hıristiyanlıktan İslâm'a geçiş [ihtida] meselesi, üzerinde uzun yıllardan beri çalışılmakta olan bir konu. Ancak bu meselenin bilhassa Osmanlı Devleti örneğinde tahdit edilmiş bir halde incelenmesinin son çeyrek yüzyılla sınırlı olduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Osmanlı Devleti'nde ihtida meselesini tartışan ilk çalışmalardan birisi olan Anton Minkov'un 2004 yılında yayımlanan Conversion to Islam in the Balkans: Kisve Bahası Petitions and Ottoman Social Life, 1670-1730 (Leiden, Boston: Brill) başlığını taşıyan eseri, on yedinci yüzyılın sonu ve on sekizinci yüzyılın ilk yarısında İslâmiyet'i kabul eden Balkan Hıristiyanlarının bir Müslüman gibi görünmeleri için gerekli olan yeni kıyafetlerini alabilmek maksadıyla yetkili makamlara yaptıkları başvuruların ispatı olan dilekçeler kullanılarak yapılmış önemli bir incelemedir. Marc David Baer'in 2008 tarihli Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in the Ottoman Empire (Oxford University Press) kitabı, on yedinci yüzyılda IV. Mehmed hükümdarlığında gerçekleşen ihtida örneklerine ve arka planına değinmektedir. Baer'in çalışmasından üç yıl sonra yayımlanan bir diğer kitap ise Tijana Krstić'in Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (Stanford University Press) başlıklı çalışmasıdır. Krstić, yazmalar ve risaleleri kullanarak on beşinci yüzyıldan on yedinci yüzyıla değin gerçekleşen ihtida örneklerinin Osmanlı Müslümanları ve Hıristiyanları tarafından nasıl algılandığı meselesi üzerinde durmaktadır. Ancak isimlerini zikrettiğim çalışmalar sınırları belli bir tarihsel kesiti, en önemlisi de Osmanlı Devleti'nin siyasî açıdan gücünün zirvesinde olduğu bir dönemde meydana gelen ihtida pratiklerini incelemektedir. Söz konusu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti'nin Hıristiyan tebaasının kazanan tarafta yer almayı seçmesi, elde edecekleri imtiyazlar da düşünüldüğünde, şaşırtıcı değildir. Nitekim on Ar. Gör., İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi.
Dear colleagues,
The Fifth International Conference on Ottoman Istanbul will take place at Istan... more Dear colleagues,
The Fifth International Conference on Ottoman Istanbul will take place at Istanbul 29 Mayis University campus on May 19-21, 2017.
The purpose of this conference that focuses on Istanbul during the Ottoman period is to shed light on the city’s historical, social, cultural and economic developments and delineate the conditions under which it was transformed into an Ottoman city. It aims to bring together historians that study this global metropolis and provide a forum for exchange and discussion across several disciplines. We would be glad to see you participate.
SOSYAL TARİH YAYINLARI 2020
İÇİNDEKİLER
EKİM DEVRİMİ, SOVYETLER VE TÜRKİYE
Erden Akbulut – Erol... more SOSYAL TARİH YAYINLARI 2020
İÇİNDEKİLER EKİM DEVRİMİ, SOVYETLER VE TÜRKİYE Erden Akbulut – Erol Ülker EKİM DEVRİMİ VE OSMANLI-TÜRK BASININDA LENİN Zafer Toprak EKİM DEVRİMİ, LENİN VE AYDINLIK’TA [1921-1925] MARKSİST KADINLAR Zafer Toprak OSMANLI HARİCİYESİ EKİM DEVRİMİ’Nİ NASIL TAKİP ETTİ? Cengiz Yolcu DEVRİMİN SINIRDAKİ YANKILARI: KARS’IN 1917’Sİ Alexander E. Balistreri DEVRİMİN ARDINDAN: BEYAZ ORDU VE 1917’DEN SONRA RUS DİASPORASINDA DEVRİM KARŞITI SİYASET Pınar Üre ‘BİR HEYET-İ SEFARET DEĞİL BİR İHTİLÂL HEYETİ’: İTTİHATÇILAR VE ASYA’DA DEVRİMCİ DİPLOMASİ Alp Yenen “BAŞINDA BİR KALPAK OLSA”: GEORGİY ÇİÇERİN, SOVYET DIŞ POLİTİKASI VE TÜRK İHTİLALİ Samuel J. Hirst OKTOBR DEVRİMİ KOMİNTERN VE TÜRKİYE’DE KOMÜNİST HAREKETİN BİÇİMLENİŞİ Erden Akbulut MÜTAREKE DÖNEMİNİN BAŞLARINDA İSTANBUL’DA SOL HAREKETLER 1918-1920 Erol Ülker
Balkan Savaşı’nın neticesinde Rumeli’nin kaybı Osmanlılar bakımından felaket olarak addedilir. Ya... more Balkan Savaşı’nın neticesinde Rumeli’nin kaybı Osmanlılar bakımından felaket olarak addedilir. Yaşanan ağır hezimetin ardından binlerce insan ‘yurt’larını terk ederek Anadolu’ya göç etmek zorunda kalır. Savaş esnasında Rumeli’de yaşananlara dikkat çekmek ve mezalimi protesto etmek maksadıyla başta İstanbul olmak üzere imparatorluğun birçok merkezinde protestolar düzenlenir. Kamuoyunun dikkatini Balkanlar’da yaşanan acılara çekmenin yanı sıra kitleleri mobilize etmek ve gerek savaş meydanlarında gerekse geri hizmette görev alacak gönüllüler toplamak amacıyla propaganda faaliyetleri gerçekleştirilir.
Elinizde tuttuğunuz çalışmada Balkan Savaşı sırasında yayımlanmış görsel ve basılı malzemeler -bilhassa bu faaliyet çerçevesinde kaleme alınmış olan Âlâm-i İslâm : Rumeli Mezalimi ve Bulgar Vahşetleri ile Kırmızı Siyah Kitâb, 1328 Fecâyii başlıklı üç kitap- aracılığıyla yapılmaya teşebbüs edilen Osmanlı savaş propagandası, karşı saftaki Bulgar ve Yunan propaganda malzemeleriyle mukayese edilerek tartışılmaktadır.
Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies No. 1 , 2018
Contents
Russia and the European Union:
What remains of the Partnership?
Tihomir Cipek, Prof. Dr.... more Contents Russia and the European Union: What remains of the Partnership? Tihomir Cipek, Prof. Dr. University of Zagreb
Negotiations and Agreements for Population Transfers in the Balkans from the Beginning of the 19th Century until the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu, Prof. Dr. Yıldız Technical University
Turkish National Movement and Soviet Russia in Caucasus (1919-1922) Tsvetelina Tsvetkova, PhD. YTU Center for Balkan and Black Sea Studies (BALKAR)
The Red Njegoš: Petar II Petrović in Yugoslav and Communist Ideology and Propaganda of Montenegrin Communists Boban Batrićević, PhD. Faculty of Montenegrin Language and Literature
Key Political Processes in the Former SFRY 1990-1992 and the Bosniak Respond Admir Mulaosmanović, Assist. Prof. Dr. International University of Sarajevo
The Perception of the Republic of Turkey in the Croatian Press (1923-1945) Anđelko Vlašić, PhD. Croatian Institute of History (Zagreb)
Book Reviews Eyal Ginio, The Ottoman Culture of Defeat: The Balkan Wars and Their Aftermath Cengiz Yolcu İstanbul 29 Mayıs University
Tim Marshall, Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Tell You Everything You Need to Know About Global Politics Elif Selin Çalık MA Global Diplomacy at University of London, SOAS
The loss of the Rumelia in the Balkan Wars was perceived as a catastrophe by the Ottomans. Thousa... more The loss of the Rumelia in the Balkan Wars was perceived as a catastrophe by the Ottomans. Thousands of people lost their homelands and immigrated to Anatolia after overwhelming military defeat. Various actions such as public meetings, demonstrations and publications were taken in order to mobilize society and recruit volunteers against the Balkan states. This work aims to focus on the books, which were published as a humble effort of Ottoman propaganda during the Balkan Wars. These books are titled as follows: Âlâm-i İslâm: Bulgar Vahşetleri (Sorrows of Islam: Bulgarian Cruelties), Âlâm-i İslâm: Rumeli Mezâlimi ve Bulgar Vahşetleri (Sorrows of Islam: Atrocities in Rumelia and Bulgarian Cruelties), and Kırmızı Siyah Kitâb, 1328 Fecâyii (The Red Black Book, the Disasters of 1328).
Hristiyanlıktan İslâm'a geçiş [ihtida] meselesi, üzerinde uzun yıllardan beri çalışılmakta olan b... more Hristiyanlıktan İslâm'a geçiş [ihtida] meselesi, üzerinde uzun yıllardan beri çalışılmakta olan bir konu. Ancak bu meselenin bilhassa Osmanlı Devleti örneğinde tahdit edilmiş bir halde incelenmesinin son çeyrek yüzyılla sınırlı olduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Osmanlı Devleti'nde ihtida meselesini tartışan ilk çalışmalardan birisi olan Anton Minkov'un 2004 yılında yayımlanan Conversion to Islam in the Balkans: Kisve Bahası Petitions and Ottoman Social Life, 1670-1730 (Leiden, Boston: Brill) başlığını taşıyan eseri, on yedinci yüzyılın sonu ve on sekizinci yüzyılın ilk yarısında İslâmiyet'i kabul eden Balkan Hıristiyanlarının bir Müslüman gibi görünmeleri için gerekli olan yeni kıyafetlerini alabilmek maksadıyla yetkili makamlara yaptıkları başvuruların ispatı olan dilekçeler kullanılarak yapılmış önemli bir incelemedir. Marc David Baer'in 2008 tarihli Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in the Ottoman Empire (Oxford University Press) kitabı, on yedinci yüzyılda IV. Mehmed hükümdarlığında gerçekleşen ihtida örneklerine ve arka planına değinmektedir. Baer'in çalışmasından üç yıl sonra yayımlanan bir diğer kitap ise Tijana Krstić'in Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (Stanford University Press) başlıklı çalışmasıdır. Krstić, yazmalar ve risaleleri kullanarak on beşinci yüzyıldan on yedinci yüzyıla değin gerçekleşen ihtida örneklerinin Osmanlı Müslümanları ve Hristiyanları tarafından nasıl algılandığı meselesi üzerinde durmaktadır. Ancak isimlerini zikrettiğim çalışmalar sınırları belli bir tarihsel kesiti, en önemlisi de Osmanlı Devleti'nin siyasî açıdan gücünün zirvesinde olduğu bir dönemde meydana gelen ihtida pratiklerini incelemektedir. Söz konusu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti'nin Hristiyan tebaasının kazanan tarafta yer almayı seçmesi, elde edecekleri imtiyazlar da düşünüldüğünde, şaşırtıcı değildir. Nitekim on Ar. Gör., İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi.
Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreeme... more Before the signing of the Balkan Entente in 1934, Republic of Turkey had signed bilateral agreements with the several states in the Balkans. Although the Bulgarian government refused to enter a pact such as the Balkan Entente, the Turkish and the Bulgarian governments showed their desires to keep peace through the diplomatic negotiations in the Balkan Peninsula. However, an advertisement of a movie titled The Slaves' Revolt published in both Bulgarian and Turkish newspaper caused to be interrupted of the peaceful negotiations between Turkey and Bulgaria. The movie, because, was based on the story of the Bulgarian revolutionary and the national hero of Bulgaria, Vasil Levski, and showed the "cruelties" inflicted on Bulgarians by the Ottomans in 1860s and 1870s. Due to its the precarious screenplay Turkish diplomats in Bulgaria and Turkish Foreign Ministry remonstrated the screening of the movie and claimed the movie to banned. Considering to be given harsh criticism about The Slaves' Revolt, Mr. Boyadjiev, Bulgarian Minister of Education, issued a decree and declared that the movie to be banned from screening. The aim of this paper is to discuss why and how a movie based on the Bulgarian revolutionary movement and a Bulgarian national hero was prevented to be shown publicly on the claim of Turkish government and the diplomats.
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Papers by Cengiz Yolcu
Keywords: The Slave Rebellion, Vasil Levski, Vasil Gendov, Republic of Türkiye, Bulgaria, cinema, censorship.
THE COURT INTERROGATION OF VASIL LEVSKI, “THE
LEADER OF THE BULGARIAN MISCHIEF COMMITEE”
Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence
movement and the Bulgarian national identity based on his role in
the organization and the ideological formation of the Bulgarian revolutionary
organizations. Following his education and formation on the theology, Levski
became a daskalos. At that time he made contact with the Bulgarian revolutionary
organizations, which were formed in Serbia. While Levski was trying
to organize an uprising in Bulgaria, he committed crimes such as murder and
robbery. He was arrested and put on a trial after an unsuccessful robbery attempt
by his comrades. Levski got the death penalty and he was executed on
19 February 1873. In this paper, Levski’s interrogation in the Ottoman court is
transliterated for the first time in Turkish, and acts of Levski’s and the revolutionary
organization led by him are discussed.
Keywords: Vasil Levski, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, First Bulgarian Legion,
Second Bulgarian Legion, Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.
Keywords: The Slave Rebellion, Vasil Levski, Vasil Gendov, Republic of Türkiye, Bulgaria, cinema, censorship.
THE COURT INTERROGATION OF VASIL LEVSKI, “THE
LEADER OF THE BULGARIAN MISCHIEF COMMITEE”
Vasil Levski (1837-1873) was one of the major figures in the Bulgarian independence
movement and the Bulgarian national identity based on his role in
the organization and the ideological formation of the Bulgarian revolutionary
organizations. Following his education and formation on the theology, Levski
became a daskalos. At that time he made contact with the Bulgarian revolutionary
organizations, which were formed in Serbia. While Levski was trying
to organize an uprising in Bulgaria, he committed crimes such as murder and
robbery. He was arrested and put on a trial after an unsuccessful robbery attempt
by his comrades. Levski got the death penalty and he was executed on
19 February 1873. In this paper, Levski’s interrogation in the Ottoman court is
transliterated for the first time in Turkish, and acts of Levski’s and the revolutionary
organization led by him are discussed.
Keywords: Vasil Levski, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, First Bulgarian Legion,
Second Bulgarian Legion, Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.
Head of the Org. Comm.: Prof. Ali Akyildiz
Academic Secretaries:
Ass. Prof. Emrah Safa Gürkan 0 216 474 08 60 Ext. 1624
Cengiz Yolcu 0 216 474 08 60 Ext. 1320
e-mail: [email protected]
The Fifth International Conference on Ottoman Istanbul will take place at Istanbul 29 Mayis University campus on May 19-21, 2017.
The purpose of this conference that focuses on Istanbul during the Ottoman period is to shed light on the city’s historical, social, cultural and economic developments and delineate the conditions under which it was transformed into an Ottoman city. It aims to bring together historians that study this global metropolis and provide a forum for exchange and discussion across several disciplines. We would be glad to see you participate.
Should you wish to do so, please send an abstract until November 18, 2016, in accordance with the conference’s main subjects listed at http://osmanliistanbulu.org/en/index.php/weblinks/articles and fill out the form at http://osmanliistanbulu.org/en/index.php/using-joomla/extensions/components/content-component/article-category-list/35-venues
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Tihomir Cipek, Prof. Dr.
University of Zagreb
Negotiations and Agreements for Population Transfers in the Balkans from the Beginning of the 19th Century until the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913
Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu, Prof. Dr.
Yıldız Technical University
Turkish National Movement and Soviet Russia in Caucasus (1919-1922)
Tsvetelina Tsvetkova, PhD.
YTU Center for Balkan and Black Sea Studies (BALKAR)
The Red Njegoš: Petar II Petrović in Yugoslav and Communist Ideology and Propaganda of Montenegrin Communists
Boban Batrićević, PhD.
Faculty of Montenegrin Language and Literature
Key Political Processes in the Former SFRY 1990-1992 and the Bosniak Respond
Admir Mulaosmanović, Assist. Prof. Dr.
International University of Sarajevo
The Perception of the Republic of Turkey in the Croatian Press (1923-1945)
Anđelko Vlašić, PhD.
Croatian Institute of History (Zagreb)
Book Reviews
Eyal Ginio, The Ottoman Culture of Defeat: The Balkan Wars and Their Aftermath
Cengiz Yolcu
İstanbul 29 Mayıs University
Tim Marshall, Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Tell You Everything You Need to Know About Global Politics
Elif Selin Çalık
MA Global Diplomacy at University of London, SOAS